rman可以用来backup和restore数据文件、控制文件、归档日志等,也可作完全和不完全的recover的oracle工具。由命令行或者OEM的backup manager GUI控制。RMAN是块级别的备份与恢复.
rman主要组件:
1)Target Database:(目标数据库)
rman的作用对象
2)会话
sys@ORCL> select sid,username,program from v$session where username is not null;
SID USERNAME PROGRAM
---------- ------------------------------ --------------------
142 SYS rman@localhost.local
domain (TNS V1-V3)
158 SYS rman@localhost.local
domain (TNS V1-V3)
3)server process
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ps -ef |grep oracle
oracle 11721 11716 0 16:03 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 11722 11716 0 16:03 ? 00:00:00 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
刚开始,rman缺省启动两个服务器进程,建立两个与目标数据库的会话。rman是通过sp来完成相关的工作。
4)channel(通道)
分配通道都是基于设备(SBT和DISK)的。rman通道实质是一个到存储设备的数据流。
5)recovery catalog:(恢复目录)
存放rman元数据的数据库。最好是远程的。
6)媒体管理层
如果想备份到磁带机上,必须配置媒体管理层,可借助第三方工具,,如MML。
rman主要术语
1)Full backup Sets全备份集合
对使用过的数据块进行备份(注意:使用过的,而不是修改过的)
2)Incremental backup sets增量备份集合
对修改过的数据块进行备份
3)复合备份
在指定位置生成指定份数
4)备份集和备份片
备份集在逻辑上由一个或者多个备份片组成,备份片在物理上由数据文件、控制文件、归档日志等组成。

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