什么是增量备份,增量备份分为两种,分别为差异增量(Differential Backup)备份与累计增量(CumulativeBackup)备份。使用RMAN建立备
在前几次的博文中我提到了数据库的一致性备份和非一致性备份,它们都属于完全备份,对数据的备份,每次备份是备份所有块,在今天我们就来谈谈增量备份,通过增量备份可以有效的节省存储空间及备份的所需的时间。
1、什么是增量备份?
什么是增量备份,增量备份分为两种,分别为差异增量(Differential Backup)备份与累计增量(CumulativeBackup)备份。使用RMAN建立备份集的时,默认是备份数据文件的所有数据块,这种备份也称之为完全备份,而增量备份只备份上次备份以来变化的数据块。可以通过RMAN的增量备份来实现数据文件,表空间,数据库的备份,同时使备份文件达到最小。
相关阅读:
探索Oracle之RMAN_01概念
探索Oracle之RMAN_02基本使用
探索Oracle之RMAN_03非一致性备份
探索Oracle之RMAN_04非一致性备份
探索Oracle之RMAN_05增量备份
探索Oracle之RMAN_06备份策略
2、差异增量备份:
差异增量备份级别1备份最近一次增量备份(差异增量备份和累计增量备份)变化的数据块。如果要进行级别1差异增量备份,RMAN备份在执行最后一个级别1的增量备份后所变化的数据块;如果之前没有执行过级别1的备份,就备份自执行级别0以后变化的数据块;如果也没有执行过级别0的备份,Rman就复制自文件创建以来变化的所有数据块,否则执行一个级别0的备份。差异增量备份见(图一)所示。
周日执行一个级别为0的增量备份,周一和周六执行级别为1的差异增量备份,即指备份自上一个备份以来变化的数据块。
(图一)
3、累积增量备份:
累计增量备份是指备份自最近的级别0备份以来所变化的数据块。累积增量备份能减少恢复时间。累计增量备份的示意图如(图二)所示。
(图二)
图二中,,周日对数据库执行了级别为0的备份。周一到周六执行级别为1的累积增量备份。从图中的箭头可以看出,累计增量备份是备份级0以来的数据块被修改的数据。累计增量备份增加了备份时间,但是因为恢复的时候,需要从更少的备份集中恢复数据,所以累计增量备份将比差异增量备份更节省时间。

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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