PostgreSQL中文学习手册(系统表) ,该系统表记录了数据表、索引(仍然需要参阅pg_index)、序列、视图、复合类型和一些特殊关系类型
一、pg_class:
该系统表记录了数据表、索引(仍然需要参阅pg_index)、序列、视图、复合类型和一些特殊关系类型的元数据。注意:不是所有字段对所有对象类型都有意义。
名字 类型 引用 描述
relname name 数据类型名字。
relfilenode oid 对象存储在磁盘上的文件名,如果没有则为0。
relpages int4 该数据表或索引所占用的磁盘页面数量,查询规划器会借助该值选择最优路径。
reltuples float4 表中行的数量,该值只是被规划器使用的一个估计值。
relhasindex bool 如果这是一个数据表而且至少有(或者最近有过)一个索引,则为真。它是由CREATE INDEX设置的,但DROP INDEX不会立即将它清除。如果VACUUM发现一个表没有索引,那么它清理 relhasindex。
relisshared bool 如果该表在整个集群中由所有数据库共享,则为真。
relkind char r = 普通表,i = 索引,S = 序列,v = 视图, c = 复合类型,,s = 特殊,t = TOAST表
relnatts int2 数据表中用户字段的数量(除了系统字段以外,如oid)。在pg_attribute里肯定有相同数目的数据行。见pg_attribute.attnum.
relchecks int2 表中检查约束的数量,参阅pg_constraint表。
reltriggers int2 表中触发器的数量;参阅pg_trigger表。
relhasoids bool 如果我们为对象中的每行都生成一个OID,则为真。
relhaspkey bool 如果该表存在主键,则为真。
relhasrules bool 如表有规则就为真;参阅pg_rewrite表。
relhassubclass bool 如果该表有子表,则为真。
relacl aclitem[] 访问权限。
见如下应用示例:
#查看指定表对象testtable的模式
postgres=# SELECT relname,relnamespace,nspname FROM pg_class c,pg_namespace n WHERE relname = 'testtable' AND relnamespace = n.oid;
relname | relnamespace | nspname
-------------+--------------+---------
testtable | 2200 | public
(1 row)
#查看指定表对象testtable的owner(即role)。
postgres=# select relname,rolname from pg_class c,pg_authid au where relname = 'testtable' and relowner = au.oid;
relname | rolname
-------------+----------
testtable | postgres
(1 row)

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MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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