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PHP预定了两个异常类:Exception和ErrorException

复制代码 代码如下:

Exception {
    /* 属性 */
    protected string $message ; //异常消息内容
    protected int $code ; //异常代码号
    protected string $file ; //抛出异常的文件名
    protected int $line ; //抛出异常在该文件中的行号
    /* 方法 */
    public __construct ([ string $message = "" [, int $code = 0 [, Exception $previous = null]]] )
    final public string getMessage ( void ) //异常抛出的信息
    final public Exception getPrevious ( void ) //前一异常
    final public int getCode ( void ) //异常代码,这是用户自定义的
    final public string getFile ( void ) //发生异常的文件路劲
    final public int getLine ( void ) //发生异常的行
    final public array getTrace ( void ) //异常追踪信息(array)
    final public string getTraceAsString ( void ) //异常追踪信息(string)
    public string __toString ( void ) //试图直接 将异常对象当作字符串使用时调用子函数的返回值
    final private void __clone ( void ) //克隆异常对象时调用
}

复制代码 代码如下:

ErrorException  extends Exception  {
 
    /* 属性 */
    protected int $severity   ;
    /* 方法 */
   
    public __construct  ([ string $message  = ""  [, int $code  = 0  [, int $severity  = 1  [, string $filename  = __FILE__  [, int $lineno  = __LINE__  [, Exception  $previous  = NULL    ]]]]]] )
    final public int getSeverity  ( void )
    /* 继承的方法 */
    final public string Exception::getMessage  ( void )
    final public Exception Exception::getPrevious  ( void )
    final public int Exception::getCode  ( void )
    final public string Exception::getFile  ( void )
    final public int Exception::getLine  ( void )
    final public array Exception::getTrace  ( void )
    final public string Exception::getTraceAsString  ( void )
    public string Exception::__toString  ( void )
    final private void Exception::__clone  ( void )
}

那么如何捕获异常?

(1)PHP可用try...catch...捕获异常,进行异常处理的代码必须在try代码块内。

复制代码 代码如下:

try {
    throw new Exception('exception test 1', 1001);
} catch(Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage().'-'.$e->getCode();
}

(2)用户可以自定义异常处理函数[set_exception_handler],用于没用用try/catch捕获的异常。

复制代码 代码如下:

function  exception_handler ( $e ) {
    echo  "Uncaught exception: "  ,  $e -> getMessage (),  "\n" ;
}
 
set_exception_handler ( 'exception_handler' );
 
throw new  Exception ( 'Uncaught Exception' );
 
echo "这行不会执行了";

可以看到使用ser_exception_handler回调函数处理异常,后续的代码不会继续执行,但try-catch可以。
(3)PHP可用多catch捕获不同类型异常,并允许在catch代码块内再次抛出异常。

复制代码 代码如下:

//请根据实际扩展异常类
class MyException extends Exception {
    public function __construct($message = '', $code = 0) {
 
    }
 
    public function myFunction() {
        echo 'just for test';
    }
}
 
try {
    throw new MyException('an error');
} catch (MyException $e) {
    echo $e->myFunction();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}

(4)PHP5.5已经支持finally关键词,你无需关心异常是否溢出了。

可对比如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

function doSomething() {
    $resource = createResource();
    try {
        $result = useResource($resource);
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        releaseResource($resource);
        log($e->getMessage());
        exit();
    }
    releaseResource($resource);
    return $result;
}
 
//使用finally后
function doSomething2() {
    $resource = createResource();
    try {
        $result = useResource($resource);
        return $result;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        log($e->getMessage());
        exit();
    } finally {
        releaseResource($resource);
    }
}
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