对于Oracle数据库的开发,我们可能有时候会遇到一些奇怪的问题,与其它数据库存在不同的差异的问题,在这里我列举了一些比较有趣
对于Oracle数据库的开发,我们可能有时候会遇到一些奇怪的问题,与其它数据库存在不同的差异的问题,在这里我列举了一些比较有趣的问题
问题一:解决Oracle中时间问题
Oracle默认date类型为21/8月/2011 或者21/8月//11的格式,如果想修改date类型:需要修改注册表
Regedit 进入注册表找到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE 再进入software 然后进入Oracle,找寻带HOME的文件夹,进入之后右击鼠标,新建字符串值,再值名为“NLS_DATE_FORMAT”,在“键值”中输入“YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss(可以根据需要填写格式)”
修改完之后进入 sqlplus 键入 select sysdate from dual 查看修改之后
问题二:在Oracle中char(2)类型,在Hibernate查询出来的时候会自动截取字符,只留下一个字符:如Oracle中01,查询出来就是0
问题三:Oracle中number类型
如果Oracle中Number类型不指定大小,那么Hibernate进行反转的时候,生成的类型会根据Hibernate默认配置好的类型生成,我这里假设反转之后的类型是Bigdecimal类型,如果我们想修改反转之后的类型:
新建一个类 MyOracleDialect extends org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect并在里面补充注册的类型映射如下:
public class MyOracleDialect extends OracleDialect{
public MyOracleDialect(){
super();
registerHibernateType(java.sql.Types.Decimal,Hibernate.Big_DECIMAL.getName());
registerHibernateType(java.sql.Types.Number,Hibernate.Integer.getName());//注册Number的映射类型为Integer
}
}
问题四:在Oracle中,千万不要忘记了一张表只允许有一个long类型,所说这是基本问题,但是我还是想在这里提一下
问题五:删除表空间错误、
第一种解解决方案:
解决方案先以用户sys登陆
写如下代码:
alter database open;//执行完这句代码观看异常类型,错误代号
alter database datafile 9(错误代号) offline drop;//直接删除
alter database open;//如果没有保存,则成功
第二种解决方案:
用sys登陆
键入步骤如下:
connect sys/change_on_install as sysdba //是否提示已成功
shutdown normal //提示数据库以关闭,已经卸载数据库
startup mount //提示oracle已经启动的一些信息
alter database open; //出现错误 注意第一行,错误信息类似于 无法标示/锁定数据文件 19(错误代号) 其它信息
alter database datafile 19 drop; //提示数据库以更改
alter database open ;// 执行这行代码如果还有问题,那么就在继续执行上面代码
shutdown normal ;//数据库以及关闭,已经卸载数据库,Oracle例程已经关闭
startup //启动例程
不出意外的话,这个问题已经解决了,,用户可以登录了

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.

The main reasons for poor MySQL query performance include not using indexes, wrong execution plan selection by the query optimizer, unreasonable table design, excessive data volume and lock competition. 1. No index causes slow querying, and adding indexes can significantly improve performance. 2. Use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the query plan and find out the optimizer error. 3. Reconstructing the table structure and optimizing JOIN conditions can improve table design problems. 4. When the data volume is large, partitioning and table division strategies are adopted. 5. In a high concurrency environment, optimizing transactions and locking strategies can reduce lock competition.

In database optimization, indexing strategies should be selected according to query requirements: 1. When the query involves multiple columns and the order of conditions is fixed, use composite indexes; 2. When the query involves multiple columns but the order of conditions is not fixed, use multiple single-column indexes. Composite indexes are suitable for optimizing multi-column queries, while single-column indexes are suitable for single-column queries.

To optimize MySQL slow query, slowquerylog and performance_schema need to be used: 1. Enable slowquerylog and set thresholds to record slow query; 2. Use performance_schema to analyze query execution details, find out performance bottlenecks and optimize.

MySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.


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