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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle子查询详解

Oracle子查询详解,根据查询的结果(内部嵌套查询的结果)把子查询的类型分为单行子查询与多行子查询,

子查询概念 :当一个查询的结果是另一个查询的条件时,,称之为子查询。

使用子查询注意事项:

         子查询可以嵌套多层

         子查询需要圆括号()括起来

子查询语法:

SELECT     select_list

FROM       table

WHERE    expr operator

                           (SELECT    select_list

                         FROM                  table);

l  子查询 (内查询) 在主查询之前一次执行完成。

l  子查询的结果被主查询使用 (外查询)。

举例:查询员工的工资大于JONES的员工信息

分析过程如下:

首先:查询JONES的员工工资是多少 :结果2975

SQL> select sal from emp where ename='JONES';

实际上我们要查询的是:薪资大于2975的员工的信息写法如下:

SQL> select * from emp where sal>2975;

//综合以上写出子查询的结果如下:

SQL> select * from emp where sal>(select sal from emp where ename='JONES');

注意:

l  子查询要包含在括号内。

l  将子查询放在比较条件的右侧。

根据查询的结果(内部嵌套查询的结果)把子查询的类型分为单行子查询与多行子查询,

   注意:

l  单行操作符对应单行子查询,多行操作符对应多行子查询。

单行操作符

>、>=、 、=

举例:

//查询编号7876相同职位的员工信息 并且薪资大于编号为7521的薪资的员工信息

SQL> select * from emp where job=( select job from emp where empno=7876) and sal>( select sal from emp where empno=7521);

//子查询含有组函数

SQL> select * from emp where sal>(select avg(nvl(sal,0)) from emp);

//子查询含有having子句查询部门的最小工资大于20号部门最小工资的部门号及最小工资数

SQL> select deptno,min(sal) from emp group by deptno having min(sal)>( select min(sal) from emp where deptno=20);

 

备注:子查询可以返回空行 没要查询到结果是可以的。

 

多行子查询

l   返回多行。

l  使用多行比较操作符。

操作符如下图:

操作符

描述

In

等于列表中的任何一个

Any

子查询返回的任意一个值比较 相同还有some

All

和子查询返回的所有值比较  

Exists

 

 

//查询薪水小于工作岗位CLERK的任何一个薪资的员工信息并且不包含工作岗位为CLERK的员工信息

SQL> select * from emp where sal 'CLERK';

//all与所有值比较 >all 代表的是大于查询结果的最大值

SQL> select * from emp where sal > all (select sal from emp where job='CLERK') and job'CLERK';

//查询岗位与部门编号为10相同的员工信息 不包含自己。

SQL> select * from emp where job in(select job from emp where deptno=10) and deptno10;

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