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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP生成随机密码方法汇总_php实例

使用PHP开发应用程序,尤其是网站程序,常常需要生成随机密码,如用户注册生成随机密码,用户重置密码也需要生成一个随机的密码。随机密码也就是一串固定长度的字符串,这里我收集整理了几种生成随机字符串的方法,以供大家参考。

方法一:

     1、在 33 – 126 中生成一个随机整数,如 35,

    2、将 35 转换成对应的ASCII码字符,如 35 对应 #

    3、重复以上 1、2 步骤 n 次,连接成 n 位的密码

     该算法主要用到了两个函数,mt_rand ( int $min , int $max )函数用于生成随机整数,其中 $min – $max 为 ASCII 码的范围,这里取 33 -126 ,可以根据需要调整范围,如ASCII码表中 97 – 122 位对应 a – z 的英文字母,具体可参考 ASCII码表; chr ( int $ascii )函数用于将对应整数 $ascii 转换成对应的字符。

function create_password($pw_length = 8)
{
 $randpwd = '';
 for ($i = 0; $i < $pw_length; $i++) 
 {
  $randpwd .= chr(mt_rand(33, 126));
 }
 return $randpwd;
}

// 调用该函数,传递长度参数$pw_length = 6

echo create_password(6);

方法二:

     1、预置一个的字符串 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符

     2、在 $chars 字符串中随机取一个字符

    3、重复第二步 n 次,可得长度为 n 的密码

function generate_password( $length = 8 ) {
 // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符
 $chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!@#$%^&*()-_ []{}<>~`+=,.;:/&#63;|';

 $password = '';
 for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) 
 {
  // 这里提供两种字符获取方式
  // 第一种是使用 substr 截取$chars中的任意一位字符;
  // 第二种是取字符数组 $chars 的任意元素
  // $password .= substr($chars, mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1), 1);
  $password .= $chars[ mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1) ];
 }

 return $password;
}

方法三:

     1、预置一个的字符数组 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符

     2、通过array_rand()从数组 $chars 中随机选出 $length 个元素

     3、根据已获取的键名数组 $keys,从数组 $chars 取出字符拼接字符串。该方法的缺点是相同的字符不会重复取。

function make_password( $length = 8 )
{
 // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符
 $chars = array('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 
 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l','m', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 
 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y','z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 
 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L','M', 'N', 'O', 
 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y','Z', 
 '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', 
 '@','#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '_', 
 '[', ']', '{', '}', '<', '>', '~', '`', '+', '=', ',', 
 '.', ';', ':', '/', '&#63;', '|');
 // 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名
 $keys = array_rand($chars, $length); 
 $password = '';
 for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
 {
  // 将 $length 个数组元素连接成字符串
  $password .= $chars[$keys[$i]];
 }
 return $password;
}

方法四:

本方法是本文被蓝色理想转载后,一名网友提供的一个新方法,算法简单,代码简短,只是因为md5()函数的返回值的缘故,生成的密码只包括字母和数字,不过也算是一个不错的方法。算法思想:

     1、time() 获取当前的 Unix 时间戳

     2、将第一步获取的时间戳进行 md5() 加密

    3、将第二步加密的结果,截取 n 位即得想要的密码

function get_password( $length = 8 ) 
{
 $str = substr(md5(time()), 0, 6);
 return $str;
}

时间效率对比

     我们使用以下PHP代码,计算上面的 4 个随机密码生成函数生成 6 位密码的运行时间,进而对他们的时间效率进行一个简单的对比。

<&#63;php
function getmicrotime()
{
 list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ",microtime());
 return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
}
// 记录开始时间
$time_start = getmicrotime();
// 这里放要执行的PHP代码,如:
// echo create_password(6);
// 记录结束时间
$time_end = getmicrotime();
$time = $time_end - $time_start;
 // 输出运行总时间 
echo "执行时间 $time seconds";
&#63;>

方法五:

function rand_string($len = 16, $keyword = '') {
 if (strlen($keyword) > $len) {//关键字不能比总长度长
  return false;
 }
 $str = '';
 $chars = 'abcdefghijkmnpqrstuvwxyz23456789ABCDEFGHIJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ'; //去掉1跟字母l防混淆   
 if ($len > strlen($chars)) {//位数过长重复字符串一定次数
  $chars = str_repeat($chars, ceil($len / strlen($chars)));
 }
 $chars = str_shuffle($chars); //打乱字符串
 $str = substr($chars, 0, $len);
 if (!empty($keyword)) {
  $start = $len - strlen($keyword);
  $str = substr_replace($str, $keyword, mt_rand(0, $start), strlen($keyword)); //从随机位置插入关键字
 }
 return $str;
}

echo rand_string(16,"ab"); //output example:V8bNY6SmkeywordB
&#63;>

最终得出的结果是:

    方法一:9.8943710327148E-5 秒

     方法二:9.6797943115234E-5 秒

     方法三:0.00017499923706055 秒

     方法四:3.4093856811523E-5 秒

     可以看出方法一和方法二的执行时间都差不多,方法四运行时间最短,而方法三的运行时间稍微长点。

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