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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle基础教程:SQL结构化查询语句简介

Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言 包含4种类型语句: 数据查询语言DQL-Data Query Language SELECT 数据操纵语

Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言
包含4种类型语句:
  数据查询语言DQL-Data Query Language SELECT
  数据操纵语言DML-Data Manipulation Language INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
  数据定义语言DDL-Data Definition Language CREATE, ALTER, DROP
  数据控制语言DCL-Data Control Language  GRANT REVOKE
      事物控制语句TCL-Transacation Contrl Language COMMIT , ROLLBACK

DQL
 select

1. 数据定义语言DDL
DDL((Data Definition Language),,用于定义/修改/删除数据对象(如表)的数据结构,或者说,DDL语言操作的对象是数据库中的对象而非对象所包含的数据。

DDL包含以下语句:

CREATE : 在数据库中创建新的数据对象
ALTER : 修改数据库中对象的数据结构
DROP : 删除数据库中的对象
DISABLE/ENABLE TRIGGER : 修改触发器的状态
UPDATE STATISTIC : 更新表/视图统计信息
TRUNCATE TABLE : 清空表中数据
COMMENT : 给数据对象添加注释
RENAME : 更改数据对象名称
2. 数据操作语言DML
DML(Data Manipulation Language),用于添加/修改/查询数据库中数据。

DML包含以下语句:

INSERT :将数据插入到表或视图
DELETE :从表或视图删除数据
SELECT :从表或视图中获取数据
UPDATE :更新表或视图中的数据
MERGE : 对数据进行合并操作(插入/更新/删除)
3. 数据控制语言DCL
DCL(Data Control Language)用来向用户赋予/取消对数据对象的控制权限。

DCL包含以下语句:

GRANT : 赋予用户某种控制权限
REVOKE :取消用户某种控制权限
4. 事务控制语言(TCL)
TCL(Transaction Control Language)用来对事务进行管理。

TCL包含以下语句:

COMMIT : 保存已完成事务动作结果
SAVEPOINT : 保存事务相关数据和状态用以可能的回滚操作
ROLLBACK : 恢复事务相关数据至上一次COMMIT操作之后
SET TRANSACTION : 设置事务选项
而其中最复杂的就是DQL数据查询语言的select

如何书写DQL_SQL
 大小写不敏感,但单引和双引内的大小写是敏感的.
 关键字不能缩写select不能写成sel
 字符串用单引 比如 ename='SEKER'
 列的别名含特殊字符用双引
 可跨行,但不要将关键字和单引的内容跨行.
 跨行是为了可读性,一般我们都把select子句和from子句分行写.

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