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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialYiiFramework入门知识点总结(图文教程)_php实例

本文总结了YiiFramework入门知识点。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

创建Yii应用骨架

web为网站根目录
yiic webapp /web/demo

通过GII创建model和CURD时需要注意

1、Model Generator 操作

即使在有表前缀的情况下,Table Name中也要填写表的全名,即包括表前缀。如下图:

2、Crud Generator 操作

该界面中,Model Class中填写model名称。首字母大写。也可参照在生成model时,在proctected/models目录中通过model generator生成的文件名。如下图:

如果对news、newstype、statustype这三个表生成CURD控制器,则在Model Generator中,在Model Class中输入:News、newsType、StatusType。大小写与创建的文件名的大小写相同。如果写成NEWS或NeWs等都不可以。

创建模块注意事项

通过GII创建模块,Module ID一般用小写。无论如何,这里填写的ID决定main.php配置文件中的配置。如下:

'modules'=>array(
  'admin'=>array(//这行的admin为Module ID。与创建Module时填写的Module ID大写写一致
    'class'=>'application.modules.admin.AdminModule',//这里的admin在windows os中大小写无所谓,但最好与实际目录一致。
  ),
),

路由

system表示yii框架的framework目录
application表示创建的应用(比如d:\wwwroot\blog)下的protected目录。
application.modules.Admin.AdminModule
表示应用程序目录(比如:d:\wwwroot\blog\protected)目录下的modules目录下的Admin目录下的AdminModules.php文件(实际上指向的是该文件的类的名字)
system.db.*
表示YII框架下的framework目录下的db目录下的所有文件。

控制器中的accessRules说明

/**
 * Specifies the access control rules.
 * This method is used by the 'accessControl' filter.
 * @return array access control rules
 */
public function accessRules()
{
  return array(
    array('allow', // allow all users to perform 'index' and 'view' actions
      'actions'=>array('index','view'),//表示任意用户可访问index、view方法
      'users'=>array('*'),//表示任意用户
    ),
    array('allow', // allow authenticated user to perform 'create' and 'update' actions
      'actions'=>array('create','update'),//表示只有认证用户才可操作create、update方法
      'users'=>array('@'),//表示认证用户
    ),
    array('allow', // allow admin user to perform 'admin' and 'delete' actions
      'actions'=>array('admin','delete'),//表示只有用户admin才能访问admin、delete方法
      'users'=>array('admin'),//表示指定用户,这里指用户:admin
    ),
    array('deny', // deny all users
      'users'=>array('*'),
    ),
  );
}

看以上代码注释。

user: represents the user session information.详情查阅API:CWebUser
CWebUser代表一个Web应用程序的持久状态。
CWebUser作为ID为user的一个应用程序组件。因此,在任何地方都能通过Yii::app()->user 访问用户状态

public function beforeSave()
{
  if(parent::beforeSave())
  {
    if($this->isNewRecord)
    {
      $this->password=md5($this->password);
      $this->create_user_id=Yii::app()->user->id;//一开始这样写,User::model()->user->id;(错误)
      //$this->user->id;(错误)
      $this->create_time=date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    }
    else
    {
      $this->update_user_id=Yii::app()->user->id;
      $this->update_time=date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    }
    return true;
  }
  else
  {
    return false;
  }
}

getter方法或/和setter方法

<&#63;php
/**
 * UserIdentity represents the data needed to identity a user.
 * It contains the authentication method that checks if the provided
 * data can identity the user.
 */
class UserIdentity extends CUserIdentity
{
  /**
   * Authenticates a user.
   * The example implementation makes sure if the username and password
   * are both 'demo'.
   * In practical applications, this should be changed to authenticate
   * against some persistent user identity storage (e.g. database).
   * @return boolean whether authentication succeeds.
   */
  private $_id;
  public function authenticate()
  {
    $username=strtolower($this->username);
    $user=User::model()->find('LOWER(username)=&#63;',array($username));
    if($user===null)
    {
      $this->errorCode=self::ERROR_USERNAME_INVALID;
    }
    else
    {
      //if(!User::model()->validatePassword($this->password))
      if(!$user->validatePassword($this->password))
      {
        $this->errorCode=self::ERROR_PASSWORD_INVALID;
      }
      else
      {
        $this->_id=$user->id;
        $this->username=$user->username;
        $this->errorCode=self::ERROR_NONE;
      }
    }
    return $this->errorCode===self::ERROR_NONE;
  }
  public function getId()
  {
    return $this->_id;
  }
}

model/User.php

public function beforeSave()
{
  if(parent::beforeSave())
  {
    if($this->isNewRecord)
    {
      $this->password=md5($this->password);
      $this->create_user_id=Yii::app()->user->id;//====主要为此句。得到登陆帐号的ID
      $this->create_time=date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    }
    else
    {
      $this->update_user_id=Yii::app()->user->id;
      $this->update_time=date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    }
    return true;
  }
  else
  {
    return false;
  }
}

更多相关:

/*
由于CComponent是post最顶级父类,所以添加getUrl方法。。。。如下说明:
CComponent 是所有组件类的基类。
CComponent 实现了定义、使用属性和事件的协议。
属性是通过getter方法或/和setter方法定义。访问属性就像访问普通的对象变量。读取或写入属性将调用应相的getter或setter方法
例如:
$a=$component->text;   // equivalent to $a=$component->getText();
$component->text='abc'; // equivalent to $component->setText('abc');
getter和setter方法的格式如下
// getter, defines a readable property 'text'
public function getText() { ... }
// setter, defines a writable property 'text' with $value to be set to the property
public function setText($value) { ... }
*/
public function getUrl()
{
  return Yii::app()->createUrl('post/view',array(
    'id'=>$this->id,
    'title'=>$this->title,
  ));
}

模型中的rules方法

/*
 * rules方法:指定对模型属性的验证规则
 * 模型实例调用validate或save方法时逐一执行
 * 验证的必须是用户输入的属性。像id,作者id等通过代码或数据库设定的不用出现在rules中。
 */
/**
 * @return array validation rules for model attributes.
 */
public function rules()
{
  // NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that
  // will receive user inputs.
  return array(
  array('news_title, news_content', 'required'),
  array('news_title', 'length', 'max'=>128),
  array('news_content', 'length', 'max'=>8000),
  array('author_name, type_id, status_id,create_time, update_time, create_user_id, update_user_id', 'safe'),
  // The following rule is used by search().
  // Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
  array('id, news_title, news_content, author_name, type_id, status_id, create_time, update_time, create_user_id, update_user_id', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
  );
}

说明:

1、验证字段必须为用户输入的属性。不是由用户输入的内容,无需验证。
2、数据库中的操作字段(即使是由系统生成的,比如创建时间,更新时间等字段——在boyLee提供的yii_computer源码中,对系统生成的这些属性没有放在safe中。见下面代码)。对于不是表单提供的数据,只要在rules方法中没有验证的,都要加入到safe中,否则无法写入数据库

yii_computer的News.php模型关于rules方法

/**
 * @return array validation rules for model attributes.
 */
public function rules()
{
  // NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that
  // will receive user inputs.
  return array(
    array('news_title, news_content', 'required'),
    array('news_title', 'length', 'max'=>128, 'encoding'=>'utf-8'),
    array('news_content', 'length', 'max'=>8000, 'encoding'=>'utf-8'),
    array('author_name', 'length', 'max'=>10, 'encoding'=>'utf-8'),
    array('status_id, type_id', 'safe'),
    // The following rule is used by search().
    // Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
    array('id, news_title, news_content, author_name, type_id, status_id', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
  );
}

视图中显示动态内容三种方法

1、直接在视图文件中以PHP代码实现。比如显示当前时间,在视图中:

复制代码 代码如下:

2、在控制器中实现显示内容,通过render的第二个参数传给视图

控制器方法中包含:

$theTime=date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
$this->render('helloWorld',array('time'=>$theTime));

视图文件:

复制代码 代码如下:

调用的render()方法第二个参数的数据是一个array(数组类型),render()方法会提取数组中的值提供给视图脚本,数组中的 key(键值)将是提供给视图脚本的变量名。在这个例子中,数组的key(键值)是time,value(值)是$theTime则提取出的变量名$time是供视图脚本使用的。这是将控制器的数据传递给视图的一种方法。

3、视图与控制器是非常紧密的兄弟,所以视图文件中的$this指的就是渲染这个视图的控制器。修改前面的示例,在控制器中定义一个类的公共属性,而不是局部变量,它是值就是当前的日期和时间。然后在视图中通过$this访问这个类的属性。

视图命名约定

视图文件命名,请与ActionID相同。但请记住,这只是个推荐的命名约定。其实视图文件名不必与ActionID相同,只需要将文件的名字作为第一个参数传递给render()就可以了。

DB相关

$Prerfp = Prerfp::model()->findAll(
  array(
    'limit'=>'5',
    'order'=>'releasetime desc'
  )
);

$model = Finishrfp::model()->findAll(
  array(
    'select' => 'companyname,title,releasetime',
    'order'=>'releasetime desc',
    'limit' => 10
  )
);
foreach($model as $val){
  $noticeArr[] = "  在".$val->title."竞标中,".$val->companyname."中标。";
}

$model = Cgnotice::model()->findAll (
  array(
    'select' => 'status,content,updatetime',
    'condition'=> 'status = :status ',
    'params' => array(':status'=>0),
    'order'=>'updatetime desc',
    'limit' => 10
  )
);
foreach($model as $val){
  $noticeArr[] = $val->content;
}

$user=User::model()->find('LOWER(username)=&#63;',array($username));

$noticetype = Dictionary::model()->find(array(
 'condition' => '`type` = "noticetype"')
);

// 查找postID=10 的那一行
$post=Post::model()->find('postID=:postID', array(':postID'=>10));

也可以使用$condition 指定更复杂的查询条件。不使用字符串,我们可以让$condition 成为一个CDbCriteria 的实例,它允许我们指定不限于WHERE 的条件。例如:

$criteria=new CDbCriteria;
$criteria->select='title'; // 只选择'title' 列
$criteria->condition='postID=:postID';
$criteria->params=array(':postID'=>10);
$post=Post::model()->find($criteria); // $params 不需要了

注意,当使用CDbCriteria 作为查询条件时,$params 参数不再需要了,因为它可以在CDbCriteria 中指定,就像上面那样。

一种替代CDbCriteria 的方法是给find 方法传递一个数组。数组的键和值各自对应标准(criterion)的属性名和值,上面的例子可以重写为如下:

$post=Post::model()->find(array(
 'select'=>'title',
 'condition'=>'postID=:postID',
 'params'=>array(':postID'=>10),
));

其它

1、链接

复制代码 代码如下:
title,0,26),array('prerfp/details','id'=>$val->rfpid),array('target'=>'_blank'));?>

具体查找API文档:CHtml的link()方法

复制代码 代码如下:

具体请查找API文档:CController的createUrl()方法

以上两个连接效果等同

组件包含

一个示例:

在视图中底部有如下代码:

复制代码 代码如下:
widget ( 'Notice' ); ?>

打开protected/components下的Notice.php文件,内容如下:

<&#63;php
Yii::import('zii.widgets.CPortlet');
class Banner extends CPortlet
{
  protected function renderContent()
  {
    $this->render('banner');
  }
}

渲染的视图banner,是在protected/components/views目录下。

具体查看API,关键字:CPortlet

获取当前host

Yii::app()->request->getServerName();
//and
$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$url = 'http://'.Yii::app()->request->getServerName(); $url .= CController::createUrl('user/activateEmail', array('emailActivationKey'=>$activationKey));
echo $url;

关于在发布新闻时添加ckeditor扩展中遇到的情况

$this->widget('application.extensions.editor.CKkceditor',array(
  "model"=>$model,        # Data-Model
  "attribute"=>'news_content',     # Attribute in the Data-Model
  "height"=>'300px',
  "width"=>'80%',
"filespath"=>Yii::app()->basePath."/../up/",
"filesurl"=>Yii::app()->baseUrl."/up/",
 );

echo Yii::app()->basePath

如果项目目录在:d:\wwwroot\blog目录下。则上面的值为d:\wwwroot\blog\protected。注意路径最后没有返斜杠

echo Yii::app()->baseUrl;

如果项目目录在:d:\wwwroot\blog目录下。则上面的值为/blog。注意路径最后没有返斜杠

(d:\wwwroot为网站根目录),注意上面两个区别。一个是basePath,一个是baseUrl

其它(不一定正确)

在一个控制器A对应的A视图中,调用B模型中的方法,采用:B::model()->B模型中的方法名();

前期需要掌握的一些API
CHtml

希望本文所述对大家基于Yii框架的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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