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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial一次简单的SQL优化给我的经验--索引不可用的情况

有一天我遇到了一个同事的求助,他让我帮忙优化一个SQL,这个SQL执行时间很长。于是我查询了执行计划,发现这个SQL竟然要进行一次

有一天我遇到了一个同事的求助,他让我帮忙优化一个SQL,这个SQL执行时间很长。于是我查询了执行计划,发现这个SQL竟然要进行一次全表扫描。当时我查看了表的定义,,发现在where子句中的条件列上是建了索引的,那为什么执行计划会显示全表扫描呢。这个问题困扰了我很长时间,于是后来我又看了看表的定义,发现了问题的根本所在,作为条件的字段是varchar,而SQL语句中的条件是一串数字!这样的话就会造成索引不可用,处理方法也很简单,加上一对单引号就可以了。

下面是语句和执行计划(这里做了简单化处理,只需要注意全表扫描就可以):

Plan hash value: 1357081020 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     | 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 | 
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 | 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 
--------------------------------------------------- 
   1 - filter(TO_NUMBER("T"."SPEC_PRPTY_ID")=3303)

   这是添加过单引号的执行计划:

Plan hash value: 1128569081 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| Id  | Operation        | Name     | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     | 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |          |     1 |     5 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 | 
|*  1 |  INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_TEST |     1 |     5 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 | 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Predicate Information (identified by operation id): 
--------------------------------------------------- 
   1 - access("T"."SPEC_PRPTY_ID"='3303')


     可以看出使用了索引,如果该表数据量大的话,那么这样的效率提升是非常可观的。

     其实从执行计划中的:1 - filter(TO_NUMBER("T"."SPEC_PRPTY_ID")=3303)这一句就能看出原因,就是执行了一次隐式类型转换,这种情况是不会用到索引的,如果这张表足够大,那么这次查询可是要慢的要死了。

     这个例子很简单,很多高手也会嗤之以鼻,但是秉承着从细微处入手学习Oracle的信念的我,还是从这里得到了一个知识点:一下几种情况索引不会被使用:

     1 不等于操作不能用于索引

     2 经过普通或者函数运算的索引列不能使用索引

     3 含前向模糊

     4 索引列为空

     5 数值比较时左右类型不同,相当于做了隐式类型转换

     6 给索引查询的值是未知字段,而不是已知数

      一定要注意,慎之又慎的写SQL。

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