Oracle中的函数和C中的函数差不多,也是有函数名,参数表,和返回值类型组成的,单行函数,是针对每条记录都有一个结果。单行函数
Oracle中的函数和C中的函数差不多,也是有函数名,参数表,和返回值类型组成的,单行函数,是针对每条记录都有一个结果。单行函数可以出现在select 后面,也可以出现在where子句中。
需要处理现实的结果时,就把函数写在select后面,用于条件过滤时,就把函数用在where子句中。
1,字符函数(varchar)
字符是大小写敏感的
转小写 lower(‘...’)
转大写 upper(‘...’)
首字母大写 initcap(‘...’)
dual表,是专门用于函数测试和运算的,他只有一条记录
字符串拼接 concat(‘...’,’....’)
求指定子串 substr(‘...’,起始位置,,取字符个数)(起始位置可以为负)
求制定字符串的长度length(‘……’)
可以使用"-"表示从右向左取,取的时候可以从左往友取。
例:
select upper(‘test’) from dual;
select first_name from s_emp where upper(first_name)=’GEORGE’;
select substr(first_name,-2,2) sub from s_emp;(取后两个)
select substr(first_name,2,2) sub from s_emp;(取前两个)
2,数值函数(number)
四舍五入 round(数据,保留小数点后几位)
可以用负数表示小数点前,0,表示小数点后第一位,也就是保留个位,-1表示个位(保留到十 位)。
例:select round(15.36,1) from dual;
结果:15.4
截取数字函数 trunc(数据,保留的位数(小数点后位数)) 截取个位之后补0
例:select trunc(123.456,-1) from dual; 保留倒十位
结果:120
3,日期函数
日期格式,
全日期格式 世纪信息,年月日,时分秒。
缺省日期格式,日-月-年 dd-mon-rr
日期类型是可以进行数学运算的,+1,是下一天,-1,是上一天,数据库会对数据所隐式的转换。
修改当前会话的日期格式,会按照指定的格式输出日期
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy mm dd hh24:mi:ss';
返回当前日期 sysdate
例:select sysdate+20 from dual;
日期是格式敏感的
求两个日期间相隔了多少个月 months_between(date1,date2)
加减指定数量的月份 add_months(date,月数),月数可以为负,负值就是减去相应的月数。
从下周开始的日期加一天 next_day(date,天数)
例:select next_day(sysdate,2) from dual;
返回月末的日期 last_day(date)
截取日期 trunc(date,'年或月或日或时分秒')
例:select trunc(add_months(sysdate,1),'month') from dual;
4,不同数据类型间转换函数
将日期转成字符 tochar(date,'日期格式')
日期格式要用有效格式,格式大小写敏感 'yyyy mm dd hh24:mi:ss','year'(全拼的年),'mm'(数字表示的月) 'month'(全拼的月),'day'(星期的全拼),'ddspth' (日期的全拼) 'yy mm dd',’rr-mm-dd’(会根据年份判断世纪)
例:select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy mm dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
将字符转换成数字 to_number('...'),(可以加第二参数,第二参数指定定数字进制)
将数字转字符to_char(number,'fmt') fmt是数字格式
将字符串转成日期 to_date('...','日期格式')
例:select to_char(to_date('2006 11 03','yyyy mm dd'),'dd-month-yy')
from dual;
5,函数嵌套
例:select to_char(to_date('2006 11 03','yyyy mm dd'),'dd-month-yy')
from dual;

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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