shared pool主要由保存数据字典的data_dictionary和保存SQL和PL/SQL代码和执行计划的library cache组成 。还包括其它供系统不同特
shared pool主要由保存数据字典的data_dictionary和保存SQL和PL/SQL代码和执行计划的library cache组成 。还包括其它供系统不同特性和技术使用的若干缓冲区,如为shared server模式提供的UGA等。
优化shared pool的思路:
1)根据设置经验,例如,可设置shared_pool_size=sga_target*(10%~15%)。
2)重点关注保存SQL和PL/SQL代码和执行计划的library cache相关指标。查看AWR报告Load Profile部分,分析Hard Parses/s等指标。分析Instance Efficiency Percentages (Target 100%)中Library Hit %、Execute to Parse %、Soft Parse %等
需要关注的等待事件:
Latch:library cache
Latch:shared pool
3)查看Time Model Statistics中与shared pool相关指标(parse time elapsed与hard parse elapsed time)。
如果hard parse elapsed time所占比例较高,说明应用的语句共享性存在严重问题。
优化方法:
1)评估语句共享性
Execute to Parse %=(execute次数-Parse次数)/Execute次数*100%
如果Execute to Parse %太低,说明解析次数非常高,系统整体共享性差。一般该指标达到70%以上,就说明语句共享性不错。
AWR报告中Library Hit %、Soft Parse %和Hard Parses/s。Parse包含Hard Parse与Soft Parse次数,但我们应关注Hard Parses。
查询非共享的sql语句(执行次数为1):
select sql_text from v$sqlarea where executions=1 order by upper(sql_text);
2)通过shared pool advisory设置合理的shared_pool_size。也可以通过设置shared_pool_reserved_size参数,使一些比较大的PL/SQL对象常驻内存中,减少shared pool出现碎片的可能性。
3)合理设置large_pool_size参数
large pool缓冲区用于备份恢复操作、并行处理、ASM、共享连接模式、模拟异步I/O操作等场景,应合理设置large_pool_size以避免使用shared pool缓冲区,加剧shared pool缓冲区空间的紧张和产生碎片的可能性。
注意:并不是所有的sql都需要共享,对于统计报表类sql因其单笔事务的资源消耗大,并发量不高的特点,应该保证其执行计划的最优,这时候不用绑定变量。

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