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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle 表连接方式(内连接/外连接/自连接) 详解

这里我们并没有指定连接的条件,实际上oracle为我们自作主张的将,dave表中的id和name字段与bl表中的id和name字段进行了连接。也

Oracle 表之间的连接分为三种:

1. 内连接(自然连接)

2. 外连接
(1)左外连接 (左边的表不加限制)
(2)右外连接(右边的表不加限制)
(3)全外连接(左右两表都不加限制)

3. 自连接(同一张表内的连接)
SQL的标准语法:
select table1.column,table2.column
from table1 [inner | left | right | full ] join table2 on table1.column1 = table2.column2;
inner join 表示内连接;
left join表示左外连接;
right join表示右外连接;
full join表示完全外连接;
on子句 用于指定连接条件。
注意:
如果使用from子句指定内、外连接,则必须要使用on子句指定连接条件;
如果使用(+)操作符指定外连接,则必须使用where子句指定连接条件。

一. 内连接(Inner Join/Join)
1.1  Inner Join
Inner join逻辑运算符返回满足第一个(顶端)输入与第二个(底端)输入联接的每一行。这个和用select查询多表是一样的效果,,所以内连接用的很少。
还有一点要说明的就是Join 默认就是inner join。 所以我们在写内连接的时候可以省略inner 这个关键字。
1.2 下面举例来说明内连接:
1.2.1 先创建2张测试表并插入数据:
SQL> select * from dave;
ID  NAME
---------- ----------
1  dave
2  bl
1  bl
2  dave
SQL> select * from bl;
ID  NAME
---------- ----------
1  dave
2  bl
1.2.3 用内链接进行查询:
SQL> Select a.id,a.name,b.name from dave a inner join bl b on a.id=b.id;   -- 标准写法
ID NAME       NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
1 dave       dave
2 bl         bl
1 bl         dave
2 dave       bl
SQL> Select a.id,a.name,b.name from dave a join bl b on a.id=b.id;  -- 这里省略了inner 关键字
ID NAME       NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
1 dave       dave
2 bl         bl
1 bl         dave
2 dave       bl
SQL> Select a.id,a.name,b.name from dave a,bl b where a.id=b.id;  -- select 多表查询
ID NAME       NAME
---------- ---------- ----------
1 dave       dave
2 bl         bl
1 bl         dave
2 dave       bl
从这三个SQL 的结果我们也可以看出,他们的作用是一样的。
1.3 自然连接(Natural join)
自然连接是在两张表中寻找那些数据类型和列名都相同的字段,然后自动地将他们连接起来,并返回所有符合条件按的结果。
先看一下自然连接的例子:
SQL> Select id,name from dave a natural join bl b;
ID NAME
---------- ----------
1 dave
2 bl
这里我们并没有指定连接的条件,实际上oracle为我们自作主张的将,dave表中的id和name字段与bl表中的id和name字段进行了连接。也就是实际上相当于
SQL> Select dave.id,bl.name From dave join bl on dave.id = bl.id and dave.name=bl.name;
ID NAME
---------- ----------
1 dave
2 bl
因此,我们也可以将自然连接理解为内连接的一种。
有关自然连接的一些注意事项:
(1).如果做自然连接的两个表的有多个字段都满足有相同名称个类型,那么他们会被作为自然连接的条件。
(2).如果自然连接的两个表仅是字段名称相同,但数据类型不同,那么将会返回一个错误。

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