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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle to_date() 用法细节

to_date()与24小时制表示法及mm分钟的显示: 一、在使用Oracle的to_date函数来做日期转换时,很多Java程序员也许会直接的采用ld

to_date()与24小时制表示法及mm分钟的显示:

一、在使用Oracle的to_date函数来做日期转换时,很多Java程序员也许会直接的采用“yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss”的格式作为格式进行转换,但是在Oracle中会引起错误:“ORA 01810 格式代码出现两次”。
如:select to_date('2005-01-01 13:14:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mm:ss') from dual;
原因是SQL中不区分大小写,MM和mm被认为是相同的格式代码,所以Oracle的SQL采用了mi代替分钟。
select to_date('2005-01-01 13:14:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;

二、另要以24小时的形式显示出来要用HH24
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;//mi是分钟
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mm:ss') from dual;//mm会显示月份 
oracle中的to_date参数含义
   1.日期格式参数含义说明 
D 一周中的星期几 
DAY 天的名字,使用空格填充到9个字符 
DD 月中的第几天 
DDD 年中的第几天 
DY 天的简写名 
IW ISO标准的年中的第几周 
IYYY ISO标准的四位年份 
YYYY 四位年份 
YYY,YY,Y 年份的最后三位,两位,一位 
HH 小时,按12小时计 
HH24 小时,,按24小时计 
MI 分 
SS 秒 
MM 月 
Mon 月份的简写 
Month 月份的全名 
W 该月的第几个星期 
WW 年中的第几个星期     1.日期时间间隔操作
  当前时间减去7分钟的时间
  select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ MINUTE from dual
  当前时间减去7小时的时间
  select sysdate - interval ’7’ hour from dual
  当前时间减去7天的时间
  select sysdate - interval ’7’ day from dual
  当前时间减去7月的时间
  select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ month from dual
  当前时间减去7年的时间
  select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ year from dual
  时间间隔乘以一个数字
  select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval ’2’ hour from dual
   2.日期到字符操作
  select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual
  select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss’) from dual
  select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss’) from dual
  select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss’) from dual
  参考oracle的相关关文档(ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)
   3. 字符到日期操作
  select to_date(’2003-10-17 21:15:37’,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual
  具体用法和上面的to_char差不多。
   4. trunk/ ROUND函数的使用
  select trunc(sysdate ,’YEAR’) from dual
  select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
  select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,’YYYY’),’YYYY’) from dual
    5.oracle有毫秒级的数据类型
  --返回当前时间 年月日小时分秒毫秒
  select to_char(current_timestamp(5),’DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF’) from dual;
  --返回当前时间的秒毫秒,可以指定秒后面的精度(最大=9)
  select to_char(current_timestamp(9),’MI:SSxFF’) from dual;
   6.计算程序运行的时间(ms)
  declare
  type rc is ref cursor;
  l_rc rc;
  l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
  l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
  begin
  for I in 1 .. 1000
  loop
  open l_rc for
  ’select object_name from all_objects ’||
  ’where object_id = ’ || i;
  fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
  close l_rc;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line
  ( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||
  ’ seconds...’ );
  end;

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