Oracle数据库设计者们也一直在往这个方向努力。如在10G以后的数据库版本中,就有了一个自动工作负荷储存库的功能,来帮助数据库管
数据库管理员必须自始自终都密切关注可能会对他们所管理的各个系统的可用性或者性能有负面影响的潜在数据库问题。通常情况下,可以把数据库管理员监视、维护系统的方式分为两种,分别为反应性监视与前瞻性监视。
如上图所示,反应性监视是指在已经出现一个性能或者管理问题后再对数据库进行监视。例如有员工向数据库管理员反应应用系统的速度比较慢。数据库管员跟其他技术人员共同会诊后发现是由于数据库的原因所造成的。此时数据库管理员就需要使用相关的工具来收集数据库的运行数据,以查明问题发生的原因。虽然这最终也可以顺利把问题解决,但是这毕竟与优秀数据库管理员心中的期望还有一点距离。因此反应性监视有点像放马后炮的感觉。问题已经出现,即使数据库管理员能够在最短时间内查明原因、解决问题,但是毕竟对于用户产生了一些不利的影响。故数据库管理员希望能够在故障发生之前就能够了解导致这个故障发生的原因,并及时采取有效措施预防这种故障的最终发生。这就使数据库管理员所期待的前瞻性监视。
前瞻性监视可以让数据库管理员在问题出现之前、期间或者之后查处并响应数据库常见的性能与管理问题。简单的说,在某一个数据库故障发生之前,都会有一些征兆。这就好像一些自然灾害发生时,,像蚂蚁、燕子等等都会有一些异常的反应。数据库管理员有必要了解这些征兆。如此的话,我们才能够把这些问题消除来萌芽状态,防止问题的扩大。
Oracle数据库设计者们也一直在往这个方向努力。如在10G以后的数据库版本中,就有了一个自动工作负荷储存库的功能,来帮助数据库管理员收集在数据库运行中的异常数据。通过这些数据的帮助,数据库管理员可以抢在数据库故障发生之前把问题解决了。

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