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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial heartbeat v1 实现 MariaDB数据库的高可用

MariaDB数据库服务的高可用:使用heartbeatv1版实现两个节点的MariaDB数据库服务的高可用。节点:node1192.168.60.33node2192.168.60...

MariaDB数据库服务的高可用:

使用 heartbeat v1 版实现两个节点的 MariaDB数据库服务的高可用。

节点:

    node1        192.168.60.33

    node2        192.168.60.88

MySQL数据库的数据文件使用nfs共享文件系统解决

nfs Server       192.168.60.22

架构如下图:

wKiom1QMRl3gE_cJAAIe0TaKqHs158.jpg

一、heartbeat 节点之间通信要求的设置;

(1)、解决节点的主机名解析

因为 heartbeat 的节点间通讯基于名称。基于名称进行通讯就要实现域名解析:而名称解析有两种方法:

A、 基于本地hosts 文件实现主机名到IP地址的解析; B、 使用DNS域名服务器进行域名解析;

基于效率等方面考虑,使用本地hosts 文件进行主名与IP地址的解析。

把 192.168.60.88 主机设置为HA高可用的节点2 node2. 

设置基于本地hosts文件实现域名解析

[root@nfs admin]# echo "192.168.60.88 node2.9527du.com node2" > /etc/hosts [root@nfs admin]# echo "192.168.60.33 node1.9527du.com node2" >> /etc/hosts

把配置好的hosts 文件复制一份到另一节点:

[root@nfs admin]# scp -p /etc/hosts root@192.168.60.33

(2)、给HA高可用集群的各节点设置主机名

A)、设置192.168.60.88主机的主机名为:node2.9527du.com

[root@nfs admin]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network HOSTNAME=node2.9527du.com

使用【hostname】命令设置主机名立即生效

[root@nfs admin]# hostname node2.9527du.com

测试主机名能否解析成功

[root@nfs admin]# ping -c 1 node2.9527du.com PING node2.9527du.com (192.168.60.88) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from node2.9527du.com (192.168.60.88): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.010 ms --- node2.9527du.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.010/0.010/0.010/0.000 ms

B)、设置192.168.60.33主机的主机名为:node1.9527du.com

[root@www admin]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network HOSTNAME=node2.9527du.com

使用【hostname】命令设置主机名立即生效

[root@www admin]# hostname node1.9527du.com

检测使用hosts文件是否能够解析主机名

[root@www admin]# ping -c 1 node2.9527du.com PING node2.9527du.com (192.168.60.88) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from node2.9527du.com (192.168.60.88): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.010 ms --- node2.9527du.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.010/0.010/0.010/0.000 ms[root@node2 admin]# ping -c 1 node1.9527du.com PING node1.9527du.com (192.168.60.33) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from node1.9527du.com (192.168.60.33): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.010 ms --- node1.9527du.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.010/0.010/0.010/0.000 ms

说明:

    从上面测试结果,已经两个节点都可以成功实现主机名的解析。


2、为了操作heartbeat 方便,把两节点配置成信任主机。不需要口令就可以直接通信。

(1)、建立基于密钥通讯

在node1节点生成密钥对

[root@node1 ha.d]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

把“公钥”拷贝到 node2 节点

[root@node1 ha.d]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.60.33

在 node2 节点生成密钥对

[root@node2 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

把“公钥”拷贝到 node1 节点

[root@node2 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.60.88

(2)、测试基于密钥是否能够实现无障碍通讯

[root@node1 ha.d]# ssh node2 -- 'hostname' node2.9527du.com [root@node2 ~]# ssh node1 'hostname' node1.9527.com

说明:

    从上述测试结果,两节点已经能够实现基于密钥实现通讯。



二、配置 node1 和 node2 节点的mysql用户都有 nfs 共享文件系统的:rwx 权限

    使用nfs服务器共享MySQL的数据文件,用户向MySQL数据库服务器,发起SQL操作时,MySQL数据库服务器以mysql用户的身份执行用户对数据库的操作的。

    所以,mysql用户一定要有 nfs 服务器导出的共享文件系统的:"读/写“ 权限。

而根据 nfs 的资源访问控制模型:

(1)、在nfs服务器导出的文件系统中要有读写权限。意思是说:nfs设置导出共享文件系统时,要授权客户端有:读写权限。 (2)、往nfs共享文件系统中读写数据的用户映射到nfs服务器的本地文件系统一定要有读写权限。

只要满足上述两个条件,mysql用户才可以往nfs共享文件系统中读写数据的。

所以,基于上述要求和mysql初始化数据库时一定要使用mysql用户等方面的考虑。在HA高可用的每个节点都创建一样的用户:

                    用户:               mysql           UID:                388          属于那个组:                388

这样就保证了:两个节点的 mysqld 都可以使用同一份数据文件。

说明:

    把mysql 创建为系统用户,且登记shell 为: /sbin/nologin 这样,即使某人获得了mysql的密码也没法登陆我们的系统的。

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