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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle 数据库启动的不同状态

Oracle数据库启动分为三个步骤: nomount,找到初始化文件pfile或者spfile,创建SGA并启动后台进程但不允许访问数据库。 mount,

Oracle数据库启动分为三个步骤:

nomount,找到初始化文件pfile或者spfile,创建SGA并启动后台进程但不允许访问数据库。

mount,根据初始化文件找到控制文件(Control File),为某些DBA活动装载数据库但不允许用户访问数据库。

open,根据控制文件找到数据文件(Data File),重做日志文件(Redo File),使用户可以访问数据库。

 

关闭数据库的4个不同命令

shutdown normal(等于shutdown)

正常是关闭的缺省方式正常的数据库关闭在下列情况下进行

• 不允许新的连接

• 等待会话结束

• 等待事务结束

• 做一个检查点并关闭数据文件

• 下一次启动时将不要求实例恢复

shutdown transactional

事务处理关闭防止客户丢失工作事务处理数据库关闭在下列情况下进行

• 不允许新的连接

• 不等待会话结束

• 等待事务结束

• 做一个检查点并关闭数据文件

• 下一次启动将不要求实例恢复

shutdown immediate

立即关闭数据库在下列情况下进行

• 不允许新的连接

• 不等待会话结束

• 不等待事务结束

• 未结束的事务自动回滚(rollback)

• 做一个检查点并关闭数据文件

• 下一次启动将不要求例程恢复

shutdown abort

如果正常和立即关闭选项不起作用可以中止当前数据库例程中止例程可以在下列情况下进行

• 不允许新的连接

• 不等待会话结束

• 不等待事务结束

• 不做检查点且没有关闭数据文件

• 下一次启动将要求实例恢复

 

 

启动数据库相关命令

startup(默认启动到open状态)

startup nomount

startup mount

alter database mount;

alter database open;

 

初始化文件

pfile,文本文件,可以手工编辑该文件

spfile,二进制文件,不能手工修改里面的参数,只能使用数据库命令进行修改,数据库启动默认使用spfile

 

查看初始化文件路径

show parameter spfile;

 

根据spfile创建pfile文件

create pfile from spfile;

create pfile='/u01/app/pfile.ora' fromspfile;

create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/pfile.ora';

 

查看控制文件的路径

select name from v$controlfile;

 

查看控制文件的内容,可以根据ctl.trc重建控制文件

alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/app/ctl.trc';

 

查看数据文件的位置

select name from v$datafile;

 

查看重做日志文件的位置

select member from v$logfile;

 

数据库的密码文件

Windows,,$ORACLE_HOME/database/PWDorcl.ora

Linux/Unix,$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl

密码文件的作用是允许数据库的sysdba、sysoper用户通过口令来远登陆

 

查看数据库是否允许用户远程登陆数据库

show parameter remote_login_passwordfile;

如果remote_login_passwordfile为EXCLUSIVE则表示允许远程连接数据库

如果remote_login_passwordfile为NONE则表示不允许远程连接数据库

 

禁止用户远程登陆数据库(需要重启数据库生效)

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=none scope=spfile;

 

表空间

select * from dba_tablespaces;

 

数据文件

select * from dba_data_files;

 

重做日志文件

select * from v$logfile;

 

重做日志文件的状态

STALE表示数据已经提交到数据库中,空白状态表示正在使用该文件

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