主从配置是MongoDB特色之一,使之具备了容错,故障恢复等性能。主节点要声明master,从节点们要声明slave和--source。
MongoDB是最易用的NoSQL,比较适合取代MySQL做一些存储,不过不是强一致性的。本文介绍一下MongoDB各种部署方式,,并分享一些感受。前两部分“单机部署”和“主从部署”是“分片部署”的基础。
MongoDB单机部署
启动下载来的MongoDB包的bin目录下的mongod.exe即可打开MongoDB服务,可以添加的基本配置是:
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/data --port 127.0.0.1:10000 --logpath ~/db/log
默认的端口是27017。启动的时候必须有一个data目录,让mongod读写数据。写入数据后,data目录里的文件如图:
.lock文件如果在下次启动时候还存在,需要删除才能成功启动。"article"和"config"是数据库名字,可以特别注意一下每个文件块的大小(16M, 32M, 64M, 128M)。
MongoDB主从部署
主从配置是MongoDB特色之一,使之具备了容错,故障恢复等性能。主节点要声明"master",从节点们要声明"slave"和"--source"。最简单的主从配置如下:
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/master --port 10000 --master
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/slave --port 10001 --slave --source localhost:10001
从节点直接从主节点同步数据,从节点之间不互相同步。容错性更强的部署是一个主从集群,互相都能成为“主节点”,叫做Replica Set。在Replica Set里会有一个活跃节点和若干个备份节点。配置的时候,整个Replica Set要取个名字,然后每台都要指明一个或几个伙伴:
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/node1 --port 10001 --replSet setname/localhost:10002
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/node2 --port 10002 --replSet setname/localhost:10001
./mongod.exe --dbpath ~/db/node3 --port 10003 --replSet setname/localhost:10001
谁成为活跃节点取决于优先级,优先级默认是1,也可以启动mongod进行设置(不具体介绍了),总之是内部的选举机制。

In database optimization, indexing strategies should be selected according to query requirements: 1. When the query involves multiple columns and the order of conditions is fixed, use composite indexes; 2. When the query involves multiple columns but the order of conditions is not fixed, use multiple single-column indexes. Composite indexes are suitable for optimizing multi-column queries, while single-column indexes are suitable for single-column queries.

To optimize MySQL slow query, slowquerylog and performance_schema need to be used: 1. Enable slowquerylog and set thresholds to record slow query; 2. Use performance_schema to analyze query execution details, find out performance bottlenecks and optimize.

MySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.

MySQL asynchronous master-slave replication enables data synchronization through binlog, improving read performance and high availability. 1) The master server record changes to binlog; 2) The slave server reads binlog through I/O threads; 3) The server SQL thread applies binlog to synchronize data.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

The installation and basic operations of MySQL include: 1. Download and install MySQL, set the root user password; 2. Use SQL commands to create databases and tables, such as CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE; 3. Execute CRUD operations, use INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE commands; 4. Create indexes and stored procedures to optimize performance and implement complex logic. With these steps, you can build and manage MySQL databases from scratch.

InnoDBBufferPool improves the performance of MySQL databases by loading data and index pages into memory. 1) The data page is loaded into the BufferPool to reduce disk I/O. 2) Dirty pages are marked and refreshed to disk regularly. 3) LRU algorithm management data page elimination. 4) The read-out mechanism loads the possible data pages in advance.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is simple to install, powerful and easy to manage data. 1. Simple installation and configuration, suitable for a variety of operating systems. 2. Support basic operations such as creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating and deleting data. 3. Provide advanced functions such as JOIN operations and subqueries. 4. Performance can be improved through indexing, query optimization and table partitioning. 5. Support backup, recovery and security measures to ensure data security and consistency.


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