一份MySQL主从复制配置案例,环境为主库是111.111.111.110 从库为111.111.111.111。
一份MySQL主从复制配置案例,环境为主库是111.111.111.110 从库为111.111.111.111。
1. 主库创建数据库复制专用用户
--在主库上执行,创建用户repl
mysql –uroot
grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl@'111.111.111.%' identified by 'repl';
exit;
--修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
vi /etc/my.cnf
修改主库参数如下
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
log-bin=mysql-bin
old_passwords=1
server_id = 110
sync_binlog = 1
relay_log = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-bin
# enable log_slave_updates
log_slave_updates = 1
skip_slave_start
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2.关闭数据库
--在主库上执行
service mysqld stop
3.备份主库
--在主库上执行
tar zcvf /tmp/mysql.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql
4.将主库的备份传送到从库
--在主库上执行
rsync -auzvP --bwlimit=10240 /tmp/mysql.tar.gz 111.111.111.111: /tmp/mysql.tar.gz
rsync –auzvP --bwlimit=1024 /etc/my.cnf 111.111.111.111:/etc/my.cnf
5.在备库恢复主库的备份
--在备库执行
mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysqlbak
mv /tmp/mysql.tar.gz /var/lib/
tax xvf /var/lib/mysql.tar.gz
6.在备库修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
--在备库执行
--修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
修改参数如下
[mysqld]
server_id = 111
7.在备库启动数据库
--在备库执行
service mysqld start
8.在主库上启动数据库
service mysqld start
mysql –uroot –p
show master status;
9.根据上一步获取到的bin log文件名和position,在备库启用复制
--在备库执行(将命令master_log_file='mysql-bin.0000099',master_log_pos=5中的值mysql-bin.0000099和0 修改为上一步获取到的值)
change master to master_host='111.111.111.110',
master_user='repl',
master_password='repl',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.00000xx',
master_log_pos=0;
--启动复制进程
start slave;
show slave status\G
show processlist\G
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ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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