搜索的索引列,不一定是所要选择的列。换句话说,最适合索引的列是出现在WHERE 子句中的列,或连接子句中指定的列,而不是出现在
1. 搜索的索引列,不一定是所要选择的列。换句话说,最适合索引的列是出现在WHERE 子句中的列,或连接子句中指定的列,而不是出现在SELECT 关键字后的选择列表中的列。
2. 使用惟一索引。考虑某列中值的分布。对于惟一值的列,索引的效果最好,而具有多个重复值的列,其索引效果最差。例如,存放年龄的列具有不同值,很容易区分各行。而用来记录性别的列,只含有“ M”和“F”,则对此列进行索引没有多大用处(不管搜索哪个值,都会得出大约一半的行)
3. 使用短索引。如果对串列进行索引,应该指定一个前缀长度,只要有可能就应该这样做。例如,如果有一个CHAR(200) 列,如果在前10 个或20 个字符内,多数值是惟一的,那么就不要对整个列进行索引。对前10 个或20 个字符进行索引能够节省大量索引空间,也可能会使查询更快。较小的索引涉及的磁盘I/O 较少,较短的值比较起来更快。更为重要的是,对于较短的键值,索引高速缓存中的块能容纳更多的键值,因此,MySQL也可以在内存中容纳更多的值。这增加了找到行而不用读取索引中较多块的可能性。(当然,应该利用一些常识。如仅用列值的第一个字符进行索引是不可能有多大好处的,因为这个索引中不会有许多不同的值。)
4. 利用最左前缀。在创建一个n 列的索引时,实际是创建了MySQL 可利用的n 个索引。多列索引可起几个索引的作用,因为可利用索引中最左边的列集来匹配行。这样的列集称为最左前缀。(这与索引一个列的前缀不同,索引一个列的前缀是利用该的前n 个字符作为索引值。)
5. 不要过度索引。不要以为索引“越多越好”,什么东西都用索引是错的。每个额外的索引都要占用额外的磁盘空间,并降低写操作的性能,这一点我们前面已经介绍过。在修改表的内容时,索引必须进行更新,有时可能需要重构,因此,索引越多,所花的时间越长。如果有一个索引很少利用或从不使用,,那么会不必要地减缓表的修改速度。此外,MySQL 在生成一个执行计划时,要考虑各个索引,这也要费时间。创建多余的索引给查询优化带来了更多的工作。索引太多,也可能会使MySQL 选择不到所要使用的最好索引。只保持所需的索引有利于查询优化。如果想给已索引的表增加索引,应该考虑所要增加的索引是否是现有多列索引的最左索引。如果是,则就不要费力去增加这个索引了,因为已经有了。
6. 考虑在列上进行的比较类型。索引可用于“ =”、“ >”和BETWEEN 运算。在模式具有一个直接量前缀时,索引也用于LIKE 运算。如果只将某个列用于其他类型的运算时(如STRCMP( )),对其进行索引没有价值。
MySQL索引之隔离列
MySQL索引之哈希索引
MySQL索引之前缀索引和索引选择性
MySQL索引使用率监控
MySQL索引优化和in or替换为union all
本文永久更新链接地址:

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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