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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialCentOS 6.4系统MySQL主从复制基本配置实践

对于MySQL数据库一般用途的主从复制,可以实现数据的备份(如果希望在主节点失效后,能够使从节点自动接管,就需要更加复杂的配置,这里暂时先不考虑),如果主节点出现硬件故障,数据库服务器可以直接手动切换成备份节点(从节点),继续提供服务。基本的主

对于MySQL数据库一般用途的主从复制,可以实现数据的备份(如果希望在主节点失效后,能够使从节点自动接管,就需要更加复杂的配置,这里暂时先不考虑),如果主节点出现硬件故障,数据库服务器可以直接手动切换成备份节点(从节点),继续提供服务。基本的主从复制配置起来非常容易,这里我们做个简单的记录总结。
我们选择两台服务器来进行MySQL的主从复制实践,一台m1作为主节点,另一台nn作为从节点。
两台机器上都需要安装MySQL数据库,如果想要卸掉默认安装的,可以执行如下命令:

sudo rpm -e --nodeps mysql
yum list | grep mysql

现在可以在CentOS 6.4上直接执行如下命令进行安装:

sudo yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-deve

为root用户设置密码:

mysqladmin -u root password 'shiyanjun'

然后可以直接通过MySQL客户端登录:

mysql -u root -p

主节点配置

首先,考虑到数据库的安全,以及便于管理,我们需要在主节点m1上增加一个专用的复制用户,使得任意想要从主节点进行复制从节点都必须使用这个账号:

CREATE USER repli_user;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repli_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'shiyanjun';

这里还进行了操作授权,使用这个换用账号来执行集群复制。如果想要限制IP端段,也可以在这里进行配置授权。
然后,在主节点m1上,修改MySQL配置文件/etc/my.cnf,使其支持Master复制功能,修改后的内容如下所示:

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
server-id=1
log-bin=m-bin
log-bin-index=m-bin.index
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

server-id指明主节点的身份,从节点通过这个server-id来识别该节点是Master节点(复制架构中的源数据库服务器节点)。
如果MySQL当前已经启动,修改完集群复制配置后需要重启服务器:

sudo service mysqld restart

从节点配置

接着,类似地进行从节点nn的配置,同样修改MySQL配置文件/etc/my.cnf,使其支持Slave端复制功能,修改后的内容如下所示:

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
server-id=2
relay-log=slave-relay-bin
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

同样,如果MySQL当前已经启动,修改完集群复制配置后需要重启服务器:

sudo service mysqld restart

然后,需要使从节点nn指向主节点,并启动Slave复制,执行如下命令:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='m1', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='repli_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='shiyanjun';
START SLAVE;

验证集群复制

这时,可以在主节点m1上执行相关操作,验证从节点nn同步复制了主节点的数据库中的内容变更。
如果此时,我们已经配置好了主从复制,那么对于主节点m1上MysQL数据库的任何变更都会复制到从节点nn上,包括建库建表、插入更新等操作,下面我们从建库开始:
在主节点m1上建库建表:

CREATE DATABASE workflow;
CREATE TABLE `workflow`.`project` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `description` varchar(500) DEFAULT NULL,
  `create_at` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `update_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

在m1上查看binlog内容,执行命令:

SHOW BINLOG EVENTS\G

binlog内容内容如下所示:

*************************** 1. row ***************************
   Log_name: m-bin.000001
        Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 106
       Info: Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
   Log_name: m-bin.000001
        Pos: 106
Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 197
       Info: CREATE DATABASE workflow
*************************** 3. row ***************************
   Log_name: m-bin.000001
        Pos: 197
Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 671
       Info: CREATE TABLE `workflow`.`project` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `description` varchar(500) DEFAULT NULL,
  `create_at` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `update_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通过上述binlog内容,我们大概可以看到MySQL的binlog都记录那些信息,一个事件对应一行记录。这些记录信息的组织结构如下所示:

  • Log_name:日志名称,指定的记录操作的binlog日志名称,这里是m-bin.000001,与我们前面在/etc/my.cnf中配置的相对应
  • Pos:记录事件的起始位置
  • Event_type:事件类型
  • End_log_pos:记录事件的结束位置
  • Server_id:服务器标识
  • Info:事件描述信息

然后,我们可以查看在从节点nn上复制的情况。通过如下命令查看从节点nn上数据库和表的信息:

SHOW DATABASES;
USE workflow;
SHOW TABLES;
DESC project;

我们再看一下执行插入语句的情况。在主节点m1上执行如下SQL语句:

INSERT INTO `workflow`.`project` VALUES(1, 'Avatar-II', 1, 'Avatar-II project', '2014-02-16', '2014-02-16 11:09:54', 0);

可以在从节点上执行查询,看到从节点nn上复制了主节点m1上执行的INSERT语句的记录:

SELECT * FROM workflow.project;

验证复制成功。

复制常用命令

下面,我们总结了几个在MySQL主从复制场景中常用到的几个相关命令:

  • 终止主节点复制
STOP MASTER;
  • 清除主节点复制文件
RESET MASTER;
  • 终止从节点复制
STOP SLAVE;
  • 清除从节点复制文件
RESET SLAVE;
  • 查看主节点复制状态
SHOW MASTER STATUS\G;

结果示例:

*************************** 1. row ***************************
            File: m-bin.000001
        Position: 956
    Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看从节点复制状态
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

结果示例:

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: m1
                  Master_User: repli_user
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: m-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 956
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1097
        Relay_Master_Log_File: m-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 956
              Relay_Log_Space: 1252
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看BINLOG列表
SHOW BINARY LOGS\G
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