最近遇到了一个奇怪的问题,在向 ?Mysql 插入一个 UTF-8 字符串时,字符串被截断了。打印 执行的 SQL 发现,是断在了一个无法显示的字符上。一开始怀疑是非法 UTF-8 编码,但通过 hexdump 发现,它是一个合法的 utf-8 字符,编码长度是 4 个字节。然后将其解
最近遇到了一个奇怪的问题,在向 ?Mysql 插入一个 UTF-8 字符串时,字符串被截断了。打印 执行的 SQL 发现,是断在了一个无法显示的字符上。一开始怀疑是非法 UTF-8 编码,但通过 hexdump 发现,它是一个合法的 utf-8 字符,编码长度是 4 个字节。然后将其解码为 Unicode 编码,google 了一下,原来是一个 Emoji 表情(Emoji 是一种特殊的 Unicode 编码,常见于 ios 和 android 手机上)。
为什么遇到 Emoji 表情会被截断呢,在我的理解中,Mysql 的 utf8 应该可以接受任何合法的 UTF-8 字符串的。经同事提醒,Mysql 早期版本只支持最长 3 个字节的 UTF-8。查了下文档,果然如此:
-
utf8
, a UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode character set using one to three bytes per character.
不只是老版本的 Mysql,最新版本的 Mysql 仍是如此。三个字节的 UTF-8 最大能编码的 Unicode 字符是 0xffff,也就是 Unicode 中的基本多文种平面(BMP)。也就是说,任何不在基本多文本平面的 Unicode字符,都无法使用 Mysql 的 utf8 字符集存储。包括上述的 Emoji 表情,和很多不常用的汉字,以及任何新增的 Unicode 字符等等。
此 utf8 非彼 UTF-8.
UTF-8 是 Unicode 的一种传输编码格式(8-bit Unicode Transformation Format)。最初的 UTF-8 格式使用一至六个字节,最大能编码 31 位字符。最新的 UTF-8 规范只使用一到四个字节,最大能编码21位,正好能够表示所有的 17个 Unicode 平面。
utf8 是 Mysql 中的一种字符集,只支持最长三个字节的 UTF-8字符,也就是 Unicode 中的基本多文本平面。
Mysql 中的 utf8 为什么只支持持最长三个字节的 UTF-8字符呢?我想了一下,可能是因为 Mysql 刚开始开发那会,Unicode 还没有辅助平面这一说呢。那时候,Unicode 委员会还做着 “65535 个字符足够全世界用了”的美梦。Mysql 中的字符串长度算的是字符数而非字节数,对于 CHAR 数据类型来说,需要为字符串保留足够的长。当使用 utf8 字符集时,需要保留的长度就是 utf8 最长字符长度乘以字符串长度,所以这里理所当然的限制了 utf8 最大长度为 3,比如 CHAR(100) ?Mysql 会保留 300字节长度。至于后续的版本为什么不对 4 字节长度的 UTF-8 字符提供支持,我想一个是为了向后兼容性的考虑,还有就是基本多文种平面之外的字符确实很少用到。
要在 Mysql 中保存 4 字节长度的 UTF-8 字符,需要使用 utf8mb4 字符集,但只有 5.5 版本以后的才支持。我觉得,为了获取更好的兼容性,应该总是使用 utf8mb4 而非 utf8. ?对于 CHAR 类型数据,utf8mb4 会多消耗一些空间,根据 Mysql 官方建议,使用 VARCHAR ?替代 CHAR。
原文地址:Mysql 中的 utf8, 感谢原作者分享。

MySQLviewshavelimitations:1)Theydon'tsupportallSQLoperations,restrictingdatamanipulationthroughviewswithjoinsorsubqueries.2)Theycanimpactperformance,especiallywithcomplexqueriesorlargedatasets.3)Viewsdon'tstoredata,potentiallyleadingtooutdatedinforma

ProperusermanagementinMySQLiscrucialforenhancingsecurityandensuringefficientdatabaseoperation.1)UseCREATEUSERtoaddusers,specifyingconnectionsourcewith@'localhost'or@'%'.2)GrantspecificprivilegeswithGRANT,usingleastprivilegeprincipletominimizerisks.3)

MySQLdoesn'timposeahardlimitontriggers,butpracticalfactorsdeterminetheireffectiveuse:1)Serverconfigurationimpactstriggermanagement;2)Complextriggersincreasesystemload;3)Largertablesslowtriggerperformance;4)Highconcurrencycancausetriggercontention;5)M

Yes,it'ssafetostoreBLOBdatainMySQL,butconsiderthesefactors:1)StorageSpace:BLOBscanconsumesignificantspace,potentiallyincreasingcostsandslowingperformance.2)Performance:LargerrowsizesduetoBLOBsmayslowdownqueries.3)BackupandRecovery:Theseprocessescanbe

Adding MySQL users through the PHP web interface can use MySQLi extensions. The steps are as follows: 1. Connect to the MySQL database and use the MySQLi extension. 2. Create a user, use the CREATEUSER statement, and use the PASSWORD() function to encrypt the password. 3. Prevent SQL injection and use the mysqli_real_escape_string() function to process user input. 4. Assign permissions to new users and use the GRANT statement.

MySQL'sBLOBissuitableforstoringbinarydatawithinarelationaldatabase,whileNoSQLoptionslikeMongoDB,Redis,andCassandraofferflexible,scalablesolutionsforunstructureddata.BLOBissimplerbutcanslowdownperformancewithlargedata;NoSQLprovidesbetterscalabilityand

ToaddauserinMySQL,use:CREATEUSER'username'@'host'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';Here'showtodoitsecurely:1)Choosethehostcarefullytocontrolaccess.2)SetresourcelimitswithoptionslikeMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR.3)Usestrong,uniquepasswords.4)EnforceSSL/TLSconnectionswith

ToavoidcommonmistakeswithstringdatatypesinMySQL,understandstringtypenuances,choosetherighttype,andmanageencodingandcollationsettingseffectively.1)UseCHARforfixed-lengthstrings,VARCHARforvariable-length,andTEXT/BLOBforlargerdata.2)Setcorrectcharacters


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool
