自mysql 5.1.3起开始支持分区功能。mysql表中存储的记录和表对应的索引信息,最后都是以文件的方式存储在计算机的硬盘上的,有了分区功能,就可以按照一定的分区规则把这些记录分布到不同的数据文件上,目前分区规则有四种,分别是RANGE、LIST、HASH和KEY,
自mysql 5.1.3起开始支持分区功能。mysql表中存储的记录和表对应的索引信息,最后都是以文件的方式存储在计算机的硬盘上的,有了分区功能,就可以按照一定的分区规则把这些记录分布到不同的数据文件上,目前分区规则有四种,分别是RANGE、LIST、HASH和KEY,另外通过DATA DIRECTORY和INDEX DIRECTORY选项可以把不同的分区数据文件分散到不同的磁盘上,从而进步一提高系统的IO吞吐量。因此按照业务逻辑设计好了分区,可以大大提高查询效率,而且删除数据可能也会很容易。但是分区也有一些限制:1、主键或者唯一索引必须包含分区字段;2、只能通过int类型的字段或者返回int类型的表达式来分区;3、单表最多只能有1024个分区。
默认mysql是开启了分区功能的,可以通过下述查询查看结果:
show variables like '%partition%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | have_partitioning | YES | +-------------------+-------+ //YES 表示开启
下面也range规则为例介绍一下分区常用的命令。
1、创建分区。可以在创建表的同时创建,也可以在表创建后追加分区。
drop table if exists `netingcn_com`; create table `netingcn_com` ( `id` int(11) unsigned not null auto_increment, `day` int(11) not null default 0, primary key (`id`, `day`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8 auto_increment=1; alter table `netingcn_com` partition by range(`day`) ( partition p_2012 values less than (20130000), partition p_2013 values less than (20140000) ); 或 drop table if exists `netingcn_com`; create table `netingcn_com` ( `id` int(11) unsigned not null auto_increment, `day` int(11) not null default 0, primary key (`id`, `day`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8 auto_increment=1 partition by range(`day`) ( partition p_2012 values less than (20130000), partition p_2013 values less than (20140000) ); 可以explain命令查看分区是否创建成功 explain partitions select * from netingcn_com where day = 20130412; +----+-------------+--------------+------------+-------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | +----+-------------+--------------+------------+-------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | netingcn_com | p_2013 | index | +----+-------------+--------------+------------+-------+
2、增加或删除分区。注意:删除分区的同时,该分区的所有数据也会别删除。
增加分区 alter table netingcn_com add partition ( partition p_2014 values less than (20150000) ); 删除分区 alter table netingcn_com drop partition p_2012;
3、重新分区。注意:hash和key分区规则不能用REORGANIZE来重新分区
alter table netingcn_com reorganize partition p_2013,p_2014 into (partition p_2014 values less than (20150000));
更多关于mysql 分区功能可以参考:http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql_55_partitioning.html
原文地址:mysql partition 功能, 感谢原作者分享。

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