mongodb数据备份和还原主要分为二种,一种是针对于库的mongodump和mongorestore,一种是针对库中表的mongoexport和mongoimport。 一,mongodump备份数据库 1,常用命令格 mongodump -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -o 文件存在路径 如果没有
mongodb数据备份和还原主要分为二种,一种是针对于库的mongodump和mongorestore,一种是针对库中表的mongoexport和mongoimport。
一,mongodump备份数据库
1,常用命令格
mongodump -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -o 文件存在路径
如果没有用户谁,可以去掉-u和-p。
如果导出本机的数据库,可以去掉-h。
如果是默认端口,可以去掉--port。
如果想导出所有数据库,可以去掉-d。
2,导出所有数据库
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 -o /home/zhangy/mongodb/ connected to: 127.0.0.1 Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.448 all dbs Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.449 DATABASE: test?? ? to ?? ?/home/zhangy/mongodb/test Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.449 ?? ?test.system.indexes to /home/zhangy/mongodb/test/system.indexes.bson Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.450 ?? ??? ? 1 objects Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.450 ?? ?test.posts to /home/zhangy/mongodb/test/posts.bson Tue Dec? 3 06:15:55.480 ?? ??? ? 0 objects 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。省略。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
3,导出指定数据库
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongodump -h 192.168.1.108 -d tank -o /home/zhangy/mongodb/ connected to: 192.168.1.108 Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.618 DATABASE: tank?? ? to ?? ?/home/zhangy/mongodb/tank Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.623 ?? ?tank.system.indexes to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/system.indexes.bson Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.623 ?? ??? ? 2 objects Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.623 ?? ?tank.contact to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/contact.bson Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.669 ?? ??? ? 2 objects Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.670 ?? ?Metadata for tank.contact to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/contact.metadata.json Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.670 ?? ?tank.users to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/users.bson Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.685 ?? ??? ? 2 objects Tue Dec? 3 06:11:41.685 ?? ?Metadata for tank.users to /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/users.metadata.json
三,mongorestore还原数据库
1,常用命令格式
mongorestore -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 --drop 文件存在路径
--drop的意思是,先删除所有的记录,然后恢复。
2,恢复所有数据库到mongodb中
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore /home/zhangy/mongodb/ #这里的路径是所有库的备份路径
3,还原指定的数据库
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore -d tank /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/ #tank这个数据库的备份路径 [root@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore -d tank_new /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/ #将tank还有tank_new数据库中
这二个命令,可以实现数据库的备份与还原,文件格式是json和bson的。无法指写到表备份或者还原。
四,mongoexport导出表,或者表中部分字段
1,常用命令格式
mongoexport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 -f 字段 -q 条件导出 --csv -o 文件名
上面的参数好理解,重点说一下:
-f??? 导出指字段,以字号分割,-f name,email,age导出name,email,age这三个字段
-q??? 可以根查询条件导出,-q '{ "uid" : "100" }' 导出uid为100的数据
--csv 表示导出的文件格式为csv的,这个比较有用,因为大部分的关系型数据库都是支持csv,在这里有共同点
2,导出整张表
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users -o /home/zhangy/mongodb/tank/users.dat connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 4 records
3,导出表中部分字段
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users --csv -f uid,name,sex -o tank/users.csv connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 4 records
4,根据条件敢出数据
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users -q '{uid:{$gt:1}}' -o tank/users.json connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 3 records
五,mongoimport导入表,或者表中部分字段
1,常用命令格式
1.1,还原整表导出的非csv文件
mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsert --drop 文件名
重点说一下--upsert,其他参数上面的命令已有提到,--upsert 插入或者更新现有数据
1.2,还原部分字段的导出文件
mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsertFields 字段 --drop 文件名
--upsertFields根--upsert一样
1.3,还原导出的csv文件
mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --type 类型 --headerline --upsert --drop 文件名
上面三种情况,还可以有其他排列组合的。
2,还原导出的表数据
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users --upsert tank/users.dat connected to: 127.0.0.1 Tue Dec? 3 08:26:52.852 imported 4 objects
3,部分字段的表数据导入
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users? --upsertFields uid,name,sex? tank/users.dat connected to: 127.0.0.1 Tue Dec? 3 08:31:15.179 imported 4 objects
4,还原csv文件
[root@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users --type csv --headerline --file tank/users.csv connected to: 127.0.0.1 Tue Dec? 3 08:37:21.961 imported 4 objects
总体感觉,mongodb的备份与还原,还是挺强大的,虽然有点麻烦。
原文地址:mongodb 备份 还原 导出 导入, 感谢原作者分享。

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