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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMyISAM VS InnoDB MySQL存储引擎的选择

MyISAM VS InnoDB MySQL存储引擎的选择

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:32 PM
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大多数面试的人都比较喜欢问的问题。 说说 MySQL存储引擎的选择。 MySQL的存储引擎太多了, 比较有名的都有七八个, 具体哪些就不一一列出来了, 最常用的只有两种, 如题, 就是 MyISAM 和 InnoDb. 我们从两个方面来讲一下 MyISAM和 InnoDB 的区别, 功能方

         大多数面试的人都比较喜欢问的问题。

         说说 MySQL存储引擎的选择。 MySQL的存储引擎太多了, 比较有名的都有七八个, 具体哪些就不一一列出来了, 最常用的只有两种, 如题, 就是 MyISAM 和 InnoDb. 我们从两个方面来讲一下 MyISAM和 InnoDB 的区别, 功能方面和性能方面, 先实现功能再追求性能!

         功能部分

  1. InnoDB 支持事务, MyISAM不支持。 虽说 MyiSAM下边也可以 set autocommit =0 ; 但是修改数据是直接写磁盘的!
  2. InnoDB 支持外键, MyISAM不支持。
  3. MyISAM 支持全文索引(Fulltext Index) , InnoDB 不支持。

         性能部分

        跟性能相关的最重要的区别就是 MyISAM 和 InnoDB 实现的锁机制不一样! MyISAM 使用的是表锁, 而 InnoDB实现的是行锁。

        我也装逼一下, 先介绍一下锁。 在多个线程同时操作一张表里的某条数据的时候, 有人读有人写 这样不是一团糟了。 所以要操作之前先把资源给锁起来, 在你操作的过程中别人不的过来干涉。  锁分为两种, 一种是读锁, 在读的时候不允许其他线程写, 允许其他的线程同时读, 还有一种是写锁, 在操作的时候不允许其他的线程读写。

        MyISAM跟InnoDB不同的是, MyISAM 锁的是整张表, 而InnoDB是锁定的要操作的行, 相比MyISAM来说  InnoDB 还要多出来一步操作就是先要找到目标行, 增加了复杂度和操作时间, 但是也高并发, 因为只锁定要操作的行, 所以可以多个线程同时操作(只要不操作其他线程已经锁定的行)。

        OK, 下结论的时候到了: 对于主要是Insert和select操作的表选择MyISAM存储引擎, 对频繁更新对并发性要求比较高的数据表采用InnoDB存储引擎会更好一些

        了解了上边的这么多面试应该没什么大的问题了, 但是锁的机制远远是没有这么简单的, 尤其是InnoDB存储引擎的锁机制, 还要跟事务牵扯到一起, 比较复杂, 这里就不再多说, 敬请继续关注我的博客: http://www.phpv5.com

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