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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMysql热备份-主从形式

Mysql热备份---主从模式 注:转载请注明出处。 在上家公司四台服务器使用mysql的热备份机制,一台宕机其它还可以工作。防止以往总结如下: 1、本博文试验环境xp系统。利用热备份机制功能可以实现两个数据库同步,主从模式(A-B),互相备份模式(A=B)的功能。 my

Mysql热备份---主从模式
注:转载请注明出处。
  
    在上家公司四台服务器使用mysql的热备份机制,一台宕机其它还可以工作。防止以往总结如下:
1、本博文试验环境xp系统。利用热备份机制功能可以实现两个数据库同步,主从模式(A->B),互相备份模式(AB)的功能。
mysql 数据库同步复制功能的设置都在mysql的配置文件中体现
2、下面我们来看看如何配置数据同步(A->B):
假设数据库A为主机(将向B提供同步服务,即B中的数据来自A):
A机器:
IP = 192.168.1.101
B机器:
IP = 192.168.1.102
(1).在A机器中有数据库如下:
//数据库A
CREATE DATABASE backup_db;
USE backup_db;
CREATE TABLE `backup_table` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(20) character set utf8 NOT NULL,
`sex` varchar(2) character set utf8 NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
#A机器的my.cnf(或my.ini)中应该配置:
server-id=1
log-bin=c:\mysqlback #同步事件的日志记录文件
binlog-do-db=backup_db #提供数据同步服务的数据库
(2).在B机器中有数据库如下:
//数据库B
CREATE DATABASE backup_db;
USE backup_db;
CREATE TABLE `backup_table` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(20) character set utf8 NOT NULL,
`sex` varchar(2) character set utf8 NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
注:数据库A和B的数据库结构一定要相同,否则无法构成同步。
#B机器的my.cnf(或my.ini)中应该配置:
server-id=2
master-host=192.168.1.101 #主机A的地址
master-user=ym #主机A提供给B的用户,该用户中需要包括数据库backup_db的权限
master-password=ym #访问密码
master-port=3306 #端口,主机的MYSQL端口
master-connect-retry=60 #重试间隔60秒
replicate-do-db=backup_db #同步的数据库
(3).完成了以上配置之后,将A的mysql数据的权限给B。
A机器:
mysql>GRANT FILE ON *.* TO IDENTIFIEDBY ‘ym’;
(4).重启AB数据库,后:
B机器:
mysql>slave start;
查看同步配置情况
A机器:
mysql>show master status;
B机器:
mysql>show slave status;
(5).在A中的backup_db.backup_table表中插入一些数据,查看B中的backup_db.backup_table表是否同步了数据改动。如果没有看到同步数据结果,即同步不成功,请查看错误(如下)。
当有错误产生时*.err日志文件(可到mysql安装目录下找),同步的线程退出。当纠正错误后重复步骤(4)。
3、实现双向热备(AB):
将以上的(1)-(5)步骤按A-B双向配置即可。



1、异步复制基本原理

从MySQL3.23.15以后,MySQL支持单向的异步复制。也就是说,1台MySQL服务器充当Master(主库),1台或多台 MySQL服务器充当Slaves(从库),数据从Master向Slaves进行异步复制。注意,这种复制是异步的,有别于MySQL的同步复制实现 (这种实现称做MySQL集群,MySQL Cluster)。

当主库有更新的时候,主库会把更新操作的SQL写入二进制日志(Bin log),并维护一个二进制日志文件的索引,以便于日志文件轮回(Rotate)。在从库启动异步复制的时候,从库会开启两个I/O线程,其中一个线程连 接主库,要求主库把二进制日志的变化部分传给从库,并把传回的日志写入本地磁盘。另一个线程则负责读取本地写入的二进制日志,并在本地执行,以反映出这种 变化。较老的版本在复制的时候只启用一个I/O线程,实现这两部分的功能。

有几个关键性的地方需要注意:

- 主库必须启用Bin log,主库和从库必须有唯一的Server Id
- 从库必须清楚了解从主库的哪一个Bin log文件的哪一个偏移位置起开始复制
- 从库可以从主库只复制指定的数据库,或者数据库的某些数据表
- 主库和从库的数据库名称可以不一样,不过还是推荐使用一样的名称
- 主库和从库的MySQL版本需保持一致



MySQL数据库数据同步的方法
设置好新的master服务器IP.
首先,将slave这边的数据库表内容 phpmyadmin 或者直接 mysql命令进行truncate清空{删除那些bin-log文件,如果innodb则直接删掉数据库文件,然后重新创建表},之后,让 SLAVE START 或者重起MySQL服务,以便先同步一次,这样等会儿才不会出现 "Duplicate entry 重复记录" 这样的错误,
同步完成后,从master那边导出完整的.sql文件(InnoDB使用sql导出,MyISAM应当直接打包目录就可以了),将导出来的.sql导入slave这边应当就OK了
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