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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialSQL中的模糊查询介绍

SQL中的模糊查询介绍

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:24 PM
sqlintroducewholeimplementdatabaseInquiremoldVague

执行数据库查询时,有完整查询和模糊查询之分。 一般模糊语句如下: SELECT 字段 FROM 表 WHERE 某字段 Like 条件 其中关于条件,SQL提供了四种匹配模式: %:表示任意0个或多个字符。可匹配任意类型和长度的字符,有些情况下若是中文,请运用两个百分号(%%

执行数据库查询时,有完整查询和模糊查询之分。

一般模糊语句如下:

SELECT 字段 FROM 表 WHERE 某字段 Like 条件

其中关于条件,SQL提供了四种匹配模式:

  1. %:表示任意0个或多个字符。可匹配任意类型和长度的字符,有些情况下若是中文,请运用两个百分号(%%)表示。
  2. 比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%'

    将会把u_name为“张三”,“张猫三”、“三脚猫”,“唐三藏”等等有“三”的记录全找出来。

    另外,如果须要找出u_name中既有“三”又有“猫”的记录,请运用 and条件

    SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%' AND u_name LIKE '%猫%'

    若运用 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '%三%猫%'

    虽然能搜索出“三脚猫”,但不能搜索出符合条件的“张猫三”。

  3. _: 表示任意单个字符。匹配单个任意字符,它常用来限定表达式的字符长度语句:
  4. 比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '_三_'

    只找出“唐三藏”这样u_name为三个字且中间一个字是“三”的;

    再比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '三__';

    只找出“三脚猫”这样name为三个字且第一个字是“三”的;

  5. [ ]:表示括号内所列字符中的一个(类似正则表达式)。指定一个字符、字符串或范围,要求所匹配对象为它们中的任一个。
  6. 比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '[张李王]三'

    将找出“张三”、“李三”、“王三”(而不是“张李王三”);

    如 [ ] 内有一系列字符(01234、abcde之类的)则可略写为“0-4”、“a-e”

    SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '老[1-9]'

    将找出“老1”、“老2”、……、“老9”;

  7. [^ ] :表示不在括号所列之内的单个字符。其取值和 [] 相同,但它要求所匹配对象为指定字符以外的任一个字符。
  8. 比如 SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '[^张李王]三'

    将找出不姓“张”、“李”、“王”的“赵三”、“孙三”等;

    SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE u_name LIKE '老[^1-4]';

    将排除“老1”到“老4”,寻找“老5”、“老6”、……

  9. 查询内容包含通配符时
  10. 由于通配符的缘故,导致我们查询特殊字符“%”、“_”、“[”的语句不能正常实现,而把特殊字符用“[ ]”括起便可正常查询。据此我们写出以下函数:

    function sqlencode(str)
    str=replace(str,"[","[[]") '此句一定要在最前
    str=replace(str,"_","[_]")
    str=replace(str,"%","[%]")
    sqlencode=str
    end function    

    在查询前将待查字符串先经该函数处理即可。

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