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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial怎么在SQLServer计算列和平均值

严格来说,Having并不需要一个子表,但没有子表的Having并没有实际意义。如果你只需要一个表,那么你可以用Where子句达到一切目的。为进行实践,Having预先假定至少两个表和一个基于第二个表的合计函数。 下面是一个简单的例子:你想要订单总数超过25000美元

  严格来说,Having并不需要一个子表,但没有子表的Having并没有实际意义。如果你只需要一个表,那么你可以用Where子句达到一切目的。为进行实践,Having预先假定至少两个表和一个基于第二个表的合计函数。

  下面是一个简单的例子:你想要订单总数超过25000美元的客户清单。你需要适当连接的三个表:Customer、SalesOrderHeader和SalesOrderDetail。然后,你求Detail的和,并将总数与25000美元进行比较。查看列表A。

  查看列表A中的代码时,有一件事情并不明显,即LineTotal列被计算。你可以像求实际的列的和一样求出已计算列的和。但是,你不能在同一个操作中执行两个不同层次的合计函数。

  SELECT

  Sales.Customer.CustomerID,

  Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID,

  SUM(Sales.SalesOrderDetail.LineTotal)

  AS SubTotalFROM

  Sales.Customer

  INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader

  ON Sales.SalesOrderHeader.Customer

  ID = Sales.Customer.CustomerID

  INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail

  ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrder

  ID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderIDGROUP BY

  Sales.Customer.CustomerID,

  Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrder

  IDHAVING SUM(LineTotal) > 25000.00ORDER BY

  Sales.Customer.CustomerID,

  SalesOrderID ;列表A:

  假设你希望知道所有客户的平均销售额。你可以使用列表B中的代码,它返回如下错误信息:

  SELECT

  Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID,

  AVG(SUM(Sales.SalesOrderDetail.LineTotal))

  AS AverageFROM

  Sales.SalesOrderHeader

  INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail

  ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrder

  ID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrder

  IDGROUP BY

  Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID列表B:

  Msg 130, Level 15, State 1, Line 1

  Cannot perform an aggregate function on an expression

  containing an aggregate or a subquery.错误信息:

  你可以将平均值的计算过程进行分解来解决这个问题。你可以将第一部分(SUM)编写成一个表值UDF,如列表C所示。你可以根据列表D中的函数计算平均值。列表E说明你如何能够进行组合。

  USE [AdventureWorks]

  GO

  /****** Object: UserDefinedFunction

  [dbo].[SalesTotals_fnt]

  Script Date: 12/09/2006 11:32:54 ******/

  SET ANSI_NULLS ON

  GO

  SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

  GO

  CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SalesTotals_fnt]()

  RETURNS TABLE

  AS RETURN

  (SELECT SalesOrderID,

  SUM(LineTotal)AS TotalSale

  FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail

  GROUP BY Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID)列表C:

  CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[AverageSale_fns] (

  -- Add the parameters for the function here

  -- )RETURNS money

  ASBEGIN

  -- Declare the return variable here

  DECLARE @Result money

  -- Add the T-SQL statements to compute the return value here

  SET @Result =(SELECTAvg(TotalSale)AS AverageSale

  FROM dbo.SalesTotals_fnt())

  -- Return the result of the function

  RETURN @Result

  END列表D:

  DECLARE @Avg moneySELECT @Avg = dbo.AverageSale_fns()

  SELECT *, @Avg as Average,

  TotalSale / @Avg as Ratio, CASE

  WHEN TotalSale / @Avg > 1 THEN 'Above Average'

  WHEN TotalSale / @Avg

  ELSE 'Average' END

  FROM dbo.SalesTotals_fnt()列表E:

  现在你知道了如何根据一个子表使用Having子句来测试合计值。当你需要在一个查询中使用两个不同的合计函数时,,最好是把它们分解成单独的函数,然后再进行组合(如前一个例子所说明的)。

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