严格来说,Having并不需要一个子表,但没有子表的Having并没有实际意义。如果你只需要一个表,那么你可以用Where子句达到一切目的。为进行实践,Having预先假定至少两个表和一个基于第二个表的合计函数。 下面是一个简单的例子:你想要订单总数超过25000美元
严格来说,Having并不需要一个子表,但没有子表的Having并没有实际意义。如果你只需要一个表,那么你可以用Where子句达到一切目的。为进行实践,Having预先假定至少两个表和一个基于第二个表的合计函数。
下面是一个简单的例子:你想要订单总数超过25000美元的客户清单。你需要适当连接的三个表:Customer、SalesOrderHeader和SalesOrderDetail。然后,你求Detail的和,并将总数与25000美元进行比较。查看列表A。
查看列表A中的代码时,有一件事情并不明显,即LineTotal列被计算。你可以像求实际的列的和一样求出已计算列的和。但是,你不能在同一个操作中执行两个不同层次的合计函数。
SELECT
Sales.Customer.CustomerID,
Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID,
SUM(Sales.SalesOrderDetail.LineTotal)
AS SubTotalFROM
Sales.Customer
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader
ON Sales.SalesOrderHeader.Customer
ID = Sales.Customer.CustomerID
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail
ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrder
ID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderIDGROUP BY
Sales.Customer.CustomerID,
Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrder
IDHAVING SUM(LineTotal) > 25000.00ORDER BY
Sales.Customer.CustomerID,
SalesOrderID ;列表A:
假设你希望知道所有客户的平均销售额。你可以使用列表B中的代码,它返回如下错误信息:
SELECT
Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID,
AVG(SUM(Sales.SalesOrderDetail.LineTotal))
AS AverageFROM
Sales.SalesOrderHeader
INNER JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail
ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrder
ID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrder
IDGROUP BY
Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID列表B:
Msg 130, Level 15, State 1, Line 1
Cannot perform an aggregate function on an expression
containing an aggregate or a subquery.错误信息:
你可以将平均值的计算过程进行分解来解决这个问题。你可以将第一部分(SUM)编写成一个表值UDF,如列表C所示。你可以根据列表D中的函数计算平均值。列表E说明你如何能够进行组合。
USE [AdventureWorks]
GO
/****** Object: UserDefinedFunction
[dbo].[SalesTotals_fnt]
Script Date: 12/09/2006 11:32:54 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SalesTotals_fnt]()
RETURNS TABLE
AS RETURN
(SELECT SalesOrderID,
SUM(LineTotal)AS TotalSale
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail
GROUP BY Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID)列表C:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[AverageSale_fns] (
-- Add the parameters for the function here
-- )RETURNS money
ASBEGIN
-- Declare the return variable here
DECLARE @Result money
-- Add the T-SQL statements to compute the return value here
SET @Result =(SELECTAvg(TotalSale)AS AverageSale
FROM dbo.SalesTotals_fnt())
-- Return the result of the function
RETURN @Result
END列表D:
DECLARE @Avg moneySELECT @Avg = dbo.AverageSale_fns()
SELECT *, @Avg as Average,
TotalSale / @Avg as Ratio, CASE
WHEN TotalSale / @Avg > 1 THEN 'Above Average'
WHEN TotalSale / @Avg
ELSE 'Average' END
FROM dbo.SalesTotals_fnt()列表E:
现在你知道了如何根据一个子表使用Having子句来测试合计值。当你需要在一个查询中使用两个不同的合计函数时,,最好是把它们分解成单独的函数,然后再进行组合(如前一个例子所说明的)。

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