数据库事务是一种单元操作,要么是全部操作都成功,要么全部失败。在Oracle中,一个事务是从执行第一个数据治理语言(DML)语句开始,直到执行一个COMMIT语句,提交保存这个事务,或者执行一个ROLLBACK语句,放弃此次操作结束。 事务的要么全部完成,要么什么
数据库事务是一种单元操作,要么是全部操作都成功,要么全部失败。在Oracle中,一个事务是从执行第一个数据治理语言(DML)语句开始,直到执行一个COMMIT语句,提交保存这个事务,或者执行一个ROLLBACK语句,放弃此次操作结束。
事务的“要么全部完成,要么什么都没完成”的本性会使将错误信息记入数据库表中变得很困难,因为当事务失败重新运行时,用来编写日志条目的INSERT语句还未完成。
针对这种困境,Oracle提供了一种便捷的方法,即自治事务。自治事务从当前事务开始,在其自身的语境中执行。它们能独立地被提交或重新运行,而不影响正在运行的事务。正因为这样,它们成了编写错误日志表格的理想形式。在事务中检测到错误时,您可以在错误日志表格中插入一行并提交它,然后在不丢失这次插入的情况下回滚主事务。
因为自治事务是与主事务相分离的,所以它不能检测到被修改过的行的当前状态。这就似乎在主事务提交之前,它们一直处于单独的会话里,对自治事务来说,它们是不可用的。然而,反过来情况就不同了:主事务能够检测到已经执行过的自治事务的结果。
要创建一个自治事务,您必须在匿名块的最高层或者存储过程、函数、数据包或触发的定义部分中,使用PL/SQL中的PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION语句。在这样的模块或过程中执行的SQL Server语句都是自治的。
触发无法包含COMMIT语句,除非有PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION标记。但是,只有触发中的语句才能被提交,主事务则不行。
列表A展示了对一个简单但灵活的错误日志表格所作的CREATE TABLE和CREATE SEQUENCE语句。 CREATE TABLE errorlog (
errorlog_id NUMBER,
logged_on TIMESTAMP DEFAULT SYSTIMESTAMP,
logged_by VARCHAR2(30) DEFAULT USER,
num1 NUMBER,
num2 NUMBER,
num3 NUMBER,
text1 VARCHAR2(1000),
text2 VARCHAR2(1000),
text3 VARCHAR2(1000)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE errorlog_seq
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1;
列表B是一个独立的存储过程,,用于更新错误日志表格。 CREATE OR REPLACE
PROCEDURE log_error (
n1 IN NUMBER:=NULL, t1 IN VARCHAR:=NULL,
n2 IN NUMBER:=NULL, t2 IN VARCHAR:=NULL,
n3 IN NUMBER:=NULL, t3 IN VARCHAR:=NULL
)
IS
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO errorlog
(errorlog_id,
num1, num2, num3, text1, text2, text3)
VALUES
(errorlog_seq.NEXTVAL, n1, n2, n3, t1, t2, t3);
COMMIT;
END;
该过程接受最多三个数字和三个文本变量,然后将它们和时间戳以及调用过程的用户一起储存在表格中。
要测试这个过程,就要更新(UPDATE)或删除(DELETE)表格中的某些行;这就引发了主事务。然后执行存储过程,将您选择的要记入日志的数据传递给它。最后,重新运行主事务,选择(SELECT)错误日志表格,您的日志条目仍会在那儿。

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