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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL:数据库知识点

MySQL:数据库知识点

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:16 PM
mysqldatabaseKnowledge points

一、术语 1、数据库(database) 2、数据库管理系统(DBMS) 3、列(column)/行(row) 4、主键(Primary key) 5、SQL(Structured Query Language)结构化查询语言 特点:(1)、所有DBMS都支持 (2)、简单易学、灵活强大 二、常用命令之一 6、MySQL选项和参数: 1: 指定

   一、术语

  1、数据库(database)

  2、数据库管理系统(DBMS)

  3、列(column)/行(row)

  4、主键(Primary key)

  5、SQL(Structured Query Language)结构化查询语言

  特点:(1)、所有DBMS都支持

  (2)、简单易学、灵活强大

  二、常用命令之一

  6、MySQL选项和参数:

  1: 指定用户登录名Ben:

  2: mysql -u ben

  3: 给出用户名、主机、端口、和口令:

  4: mysql -u ben -p -h myserver -p 9999

  (1)、命令输入在mysql>之后;输入help或/h获得帮助

  (2)、命令用;或/g结束;输入quit、exit退出命令行

  7、子句(clause):

  clause有子句、条款的意思,SQL语句由子句构成,分可选和必需;一个子句通常由一个关键字和所提供的数据组成。如SELECT 语句的FROM子句,,或ORDER BY子句

  8、通配符(*)尽量不要使用,因为在检索不需要的列会降低检索或程序性能。

  9、DISTINCT关键字指示Mysql只返回不同的值:

MySQL:数据库知识点 三联

  1: SELECT DISTINCT title FROM new

  10、LIMIT子句限制返回的结果

  1: SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 3

  LIMIT m,n: 其中m表示从m行开始,n表示要检索的行数

  当行数不够时,检索最大行的。

  注意:Mysql5支持另一种LIMIT替代语法,LIMIT n OFFSET m:从m行开始曲n行

  1: SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 1 OFFSET 3

  2: SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 3,1

  3: 效果一样

  11、使用完全限定的表名

  1: SELECT new.id,new.title FROM new

  2: 当然表也可使用完全限定如:Mydata.new

  12、ORDER BY子句

  ORDER BY子句取出一个或多个列的名字,据此对输出进行排序 默认是升序(ASC),还可以降序(DESC),注意DESC只应用到直接位于其前面的列名。

  如果在多个列中进行降序排列,必须在每个列指定DESC关键字

  13、使用SHOW语句找出在服务器上当前存在什么数据库

  1: SHOW DATABASES;

  后面是复数

  14、创建一个数据库MYSQLDATA

  1: CREATE DATABASE MYSQLDATA;

  15、创建一个数据库表

  1: CREATE TABLE product (pro_id INT,pro_price FLOAT,pro_name VARCHAR(20));

  17、显示表的结构

  1: DESCRIBE product

  describe:描述、形容

  在navicat for Mysql中显示如下:

  18、往表中加入记录

  1: INSERT INTO product VALUES(15.00,'pen')

  2: #插入多行

  3: INSERT INTO product (pro_price,pro_name) VALUES(12.00,' toothpaste'),

  4: (18.00,'belt'),(15.00,'basin'),(52.30,'pot')

  19、在navcat for mysql中对建立id

image

  20、在navcat for mysql中设置字符集

  选择‘product’表---右键 ‘设计表’---

image

  同时可以设置主键

  如此一来,我们就可以在表中插入中文数据;:

  1: INSERT INTO product (pro_price,pro_name) VALUES(1.00,'SoftDrink'),(2.00,'矿泉水')

  21、删除表

  1: mysql>drop TABLE MYTABLE;

  22、清空表

  1: DELETE FROM new

  23、更新数据

  1: UPDATE product SET pro_price=50.00 WHERE pro_name='pot'

  24、使用ORDER BY 和 LIMIT的组合,能找出一个列中最高或最低的值:

  1: SELECT pro_price,pro_name FROM product ORDER BY pro_price DESC LIMIT 1

  注意顺序

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