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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial 关于关联查询sql的一次优化过程及其他

如前几次博文中所述,流程结束后的实例信息可以通过统一的入口即高级查询(可以导出excel,也预留了生成各种报表的接口)查询。但对于一些特殊的工作流,比如转

  如前几次博文中所述,流程结束后的实例信息可以通过统一的入口即高级查询(可以导出excel,也预留了生成各种报表的接口)查询。但对于一些特殊的工作流,比如转正、离职、考勤等我们也提供了专门的查询模块。比如本文中所述的离职模块:离职模块共分三个部分,分别为离职信息新增、审批中离职、已结束离职三个子模块。离职信息新增功能主要是针对被动离职,也即单位劝退、辞退或单方面解除合同的离职信息新增,此类离职一旦保存即可认为是已结束离职,所以不像审批中离职查询逻辑中十分清晰,已结束离职需要关联多表进行查询。在测试系统中进行测试时,我们发现直接执行已结束离职查询sql,,在数据量为17条时,约1s,实际较慢,但尚可接受。该功能在正式系统上线后,离职数据约400条,用户简单在前端计时,约需十余秒等待,用户体验已经极差。拿出该查询sql,如下:

SELECT * FROM (SELECT DISTINCT leaveinfo.id, f_sqrgh, f_sqrbm, f_sqr, f_sqbmbm , f_sqbm, f_lxdhfj, f_sjhm, f_sqrq, f_rzrq , f_ndlzrq, f_qrlzrq, f_zw, f_gw, f_gwlx , f_gwcj, f_szdq, f_gzdd, f_lzyy, f_lzyyzs , f_yggxbmtjl, f_lzlx, f_inputtype, belongCompany, postDirection , techLevel, idCard, staffinfo.sex, staffinfo.birthday, exec.id AS 'processExecutionId' , exec.status AS 'processExecutionStatus', exec.formDefineId, exec.processDefineId, exec.processInstanceId, exec.tableName , process.`name` AS 'processDefineName' FROM T_DYMC_20140625100255 leaveinfo LEFT JOIN t_per_staffinfo staffinfo ON staffinfo.staffId = leaveinfo.f_sqrgh LEFT JOIN t_bpm_process_execution exec ON exec.pkValue = leaveinfo.id LEFT JOIN t_bpm_process_define process ON process.id = exec.processDefineId WHERE leaveinfo.f_sqrgh = staffinfo.staffId AND (exec.`status` = 2 AND leaveinfo.f_inputtype = 'FLOW' OR leaveinfo.f_inputtype = 'MANUAL') ) allData LEFT JOIN t_sys_user sysUser ON allData.f_sqrgh = sysUser.staffId

  这是一个分页查询,查询出所有结果的数量,如下:

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT allData.id) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT leaveinfo.id, leaveinfo.f_sqrgh FROM T_DYMC_20140625100255 leaveinfo LEFT JOIN t_per_staffinfo staffinfo ON staffinfo.staffId = leaveinfo.f_sqrgh LEFT JOIN t_bpm_process_execution exec ON exec.pkValue = leaveinfo.id LEFT JOIN t_bpm_process_define process ON process.id = exec.processDefineId WHERE leaveinfo.f_sqrgh = staffinfo.staffId AND (exec.`status` = 2 AND leaveinfo.f_inputtype = 'FLOW' OR leaveinfo.f_inputtype = 'MANUAL') ) allData LEFT JOIN t_sys_user sysUser ON allData.f_sqrgh = sysUser.staffId

  

  去掉这一关联,sql的效率有所改善,但改善并不明显。从逻辑角度我们已经没有优化的空间。所以希望从数据库技术角度去进行优化。在着手进行优化之前,我们先看一看当前语句已经使用的优化技术(对于非专业DBA首先可以想到的优化一般是index),而在mysql里提供了explain来查询mysql如何使用索引来处理select语句以及连接表。下面,我们看看在未优化之前,在该查询语句是不是有用优化技术,又使用了哪些优化技术。在未进行优化之前,我们已经有了针对档案和用户两张表的staffid的索引,查询索引的sql语句如下:

show index from t_per_staffinfo

  如下图:

  查询语句中还有两张表分别为t_bpm_process_define和t_bpm_process_execution,我们为其创建索引,希望加入索引后查询效率有所改善:

ALTER TABLE t_bpm_process_execution ADD INDEX pkValue_index (pkValue);

  类似的我们为状态status,以及t_bpm_process_define也加入了索引。

    现在我们用explain看看我们目前的查询语句,如下图:

wKiom1UGsbrSJiaDAAG_GOGJWuI014.jpg

  基于上图我们看一下,使用explain查出的信息中的各列的含义,顾名思义,我们看下来,table指的是查询的表名、type指的是连接使用的哪种类型(从好到差的连接类型依次是const、eq_reg、ref、range、index、all)、possible_key表示可能使用在该表中的索引、key指的是在本次查询中实际使用到的索引(如果值为null表示没有使用索引,mysql在很少情况下会使用未优化的索引,但也可以使用using idex强制使用索引)、key_len表示索引长度(在不损失精度的前提下,长度越短越好)、ref则是哪一列使用了索引、rows是MySQL认为需要检查的用来请求返回数据的长度、Extra表示关于解析查询的额外信息。通过分析Extra,我们可以看出哪些index需要优化以及如何优化。
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