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MySQL事务学习 -- 分布式事务 7 分布式事务 Innodb存储引擎支持XA事务,通过XA事务可以支持分布式事务的实现。分布式事务指的是允许多个独立的事务资源(transac tional resources)参与一个全局的事务中。事务资源通常是关系型数据库系统,也可以是其它类型

MySQL事务学习 --> 分布式事务

7 分布式事务

Innodb存储引擎支持XA事务,通过XA事务可以支持分布式事务的实现。分布式事务指的是允许多个独立的事务资源(transac         tional resources)参与一个全局的事务中。事务资源通常是关系型数据库系统,也可以是其它类型的资源。

 

全局事务要求在其中所有参与的事务要么全部提交,要么全部回滚,这对于事务原有的ACID要求又有了提高。另外,在使用分布式事务时候,InnoDB存储引擎的事务隔离级别必须设置成serialiable。

 

XA事务允许不同数据库之间的分布式事务,如:一台服务器是mysql数据库,一台是oracle的,又有可能还有一台是sqlserver的,只要参与全局事务中的每个节点都支持XA事务。分布式事务可能在银行系统的转帐中比较常见,如一个用户需要从上海转1000元到北京的一个用户账号上面:

# bank ofshanghai:

Updateuser_account set money=money – 10000 where user=’xiaozhang’;

# bank ofBeijing:

Updateuser_account set money= money + 10000 where user=’xiaoli’;

像这种情况一定需要分布式的事务,要不都提交,要么都回滚。在任何一个节点出问题都会造成严重的结果:1 xiaozhang的帐号被扣款,但是xiaoli没有收到钱;2 xiaozhang的帐号没有被扣款,但是xiaoli收到钱了。

 

分布式事务是由一个或者多个Resource Managerd,一个事务管理器Transaction Manager以及一个应用程序 Application Program组成。

资源管理器:提供访问事务资源的方法,通常一个数据库就是一个资源管理器。

事务管理器:协调参与全局事务中的各个事务。需要和参与全局事务中的资源管理器进行通信。

应用程序:定义事务的边界,指定全局事务中的操作。

在mysql中的分布式事务中,资源管理器就是mysql数据库,事务管理器为连接到mysql服务器的客户端。如下图所示:


 

分布式事务使用两段式提交(two-phase commit)的方式。在第一个阶段,所有参与全局事务的节点都开始准备,告诉事务管理器它们准备好提交了。第二个阶段,事务管理器告诉资源管理器执行rollback或者commit,如果任何一个节点显示不能commit,那么所有的节点就得全部rollback。

当前的java的jta java transaction API可以很好的支持mysql的分布式事务,可以仔细参考jta手册。下面的例子显示了如何使用jta支持调用mysql分布式事务。

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