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MySQL触发器如何正确使用

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:13 PM
mysqlmainusehowarticlecorrecttrigger

以下的文章主要描述的是如何对MySQL触发器进行正确使用, MySQL数据库是在5.0 以后的相关版本中对MySQL触发器进行引用,有时也可以用相关的触发器对数据的完整性进行维护。如我有一个表ge_element。 该表中有一个region_id,对应到ge_region表中的id,但是,

以下的文章主要描述的是如何对MySQL触发器进行正确使用, MySQL数据库是在5.0 以后的相关版本中对MySQL触发器进行引用,有时也可以用相关的触发器对数据的完整性进行维护。如我有一个表ge_element。

该表中有一个region_id,对应到ge_region表中的id,但是,region_id是可以为空的,所以不应该设置外键约束,而我在删除ge_region表中的记录时,希望把在ge_element表中被引用到的记录的region_id设为0,因为没有数据库的外键约束,我只能在程序中操作,但我又不想通过程序来操作,因为引用region_id的表可能不只ge_element一个,这时,就可能用到MySQL触发器,在删除ge_region表中的记录时,把被引用的表中的region_id设为0。

1.创建触发器的语句:

CREATE TRIGGER

{ BEFORE | AFTER }

{ INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE }

ON

FOR EACH ROW

触发器必须有名字,最多64个字符,可能后面会附有分隔符.它和MySQL中其他对象的命名方式基本相象.

这里我有个习惯:就是用表的名字+'_'+触发器类型的缩写.因此如果是表t26,触发器是在事件UPDATE(参考下面的点(2)和(3))之前(BEFORE)的,那么它的名字就是t26_bu。

可以直接在EMS中创建触发器。

2.触发时间:

Before表示在事件发生之前执行MySQL触发器,After表示在事件发生之后执行触发器;

3.触发事件:

三个事件:insert, update, delete

4.触发器与表的关系:

触发器是属于一个表的,当在这个表上执行insert, update, delete操作时,就会导致相应的触发器被激活;

不能给同一个表的同一个操作创建两个不同的触发器。

5.触发间隔:

FOR EACH ROW 子句通知MySQL触发器每隔一行执行一次动作,而不是对整下表执行一次。

6.触发的SQL语句:

触发器包含所要触发的SQL语句:这里的语句可以是任何合法的语句,包括复合语句,但是这里的语句受的限制和函数的一样。

复合语句(BEGIN / END)是合法的.

流控制(Flow-of-control)语句(IF, CASE, WHILE, LOOP, WHILE, REPEAT, LEAVE,ITERATE)也是合法的.

变量声明(DECLARE)以及指派(SET)是合法的.

允许条件声明.

异常处理声明也是允许的.

但是在这里要记住函数有受限条件:不能在函数中访问表.因此在函数中使用以下语句是非法的。

7.创建触发器的权限:

你必须要有相当大的权限才能够创建MySQL触发器;我在创建触发器的时候提示要有super privilege才可以创建;


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