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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial数据存储方案评估标准RDBMSorKV

本文主要介绍常见的数据存储方案及相应选型的评估标准的介绍。 Guideline:针对不同应用场景,针对性选择存储方式。 1. 数据存储方案 SQL: MySQL 5.5/5.6/MariaDB(对于Dev绝大多数场景下透明);Oracle|MS SQL暂不考虑; NoSQL: Memcached 1.4.21;Redis 2.

<span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;">本文主要介绍常见的数据存储方案及相应选型的评估标准的介绍。</span>
Guideline:针对不同应用场景,针对性选择存储方式。

1. 数据存储方案

SQL:
MySQL 5.5/5.6/MariaDB(对于Dev绝大多数场景下透明);
Oracle|MS SQL暂不考虑;
NoSQL:
Memcached 1.4.21;
Redis 2.8;
MongoDB 2.6.6;
Hbase 0.96/0.98;

2. 评估标准

RDBMS:(MySQL):
要求数据持久化存储;用户提交数据就不能丢失;
要求事务保证;
应用复杂,数据结构复杂,数据一致性要求高;
分布式实现时复杂度高,分库分表代价较大。
适合需要严格事务保证的OLTP类系统和MIS类系统;

典型场景:

以电商网站为例,
所有后端子系统(比如ERP,物流,财务,仓储,人事,VIS等);
网站核心数据存储(比如用户,商品,库存,购物车,订单);

KV(Memcache/Redis):

数据结构简单;只是按照简单的Key来查询和update记录;
数据不需要持久化存储(persistent on disk), 是secondary data;一般不是用户直接写入;(比如由后端job生成,可以由应用实现双写)
不需要transaction事务支持;
可能有很高的QPS/TPS(for example, 10k+ query/transaction per second);
有非常高的响应速度要求(典型场景:
各类计数器;
各类cache层(商品列表页,各类配置信息,商品描述信息等);

Analytics Platform:

Hadoop:ETL;科学分析;
GP:BI分析;各类报表;
Hbase:在线系统;OLAP分析;
DocDB:应用相对简单,数据结构相对复杂,支持快速开发,非事务类处理的信息处理系统。如知识问答、社区等;

3. 性能优化

已有系统碰到性能瓶颈时,优化次序依次为:

容量评估
性能优化(系统优化,代码逻辑优化,SQL优化)
硬件升级(从低端硬件到高端硬件,从低端存储到高端存储)
垂直拆分(按照不同的模块拆分数据库)
水平拆分(对某个模块,在系统里面再也跑不动,就需要对该模块按照主键或者其他逻辑拆分)
Statement
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