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如何创建自己的InstantClient包

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Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:10 PM

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IC介绍许多人正在使用Oracle Instant Client，它提供一个部署基于OCI、OCCI、JDBC OCI应用容易和快速的方法。通过添加更多的工具，Instant Client可以变成一个更加强大的工具，如下： 1. tnsping 2. sqlldr 3. tkprf 4. exp/imp 5. OCM 6. 你自己的工具这

IC介绍

许多人正在使用Oracle Instant Client，它提供一个部署基于OCI、OCCI、JDBC OCI应用容易和快速的方法。

通过添加更多的工具，Instant Client可以变成一个更加强大的工具，如下：

1. tnsping

2. sqlldr

3. tkprf

4. exp/imp

5. OCM

6. 你自己的工具

这样做的主要优点是：

1. 安装是一件轻而易举的事情，只要解压即可完成。

2. 体积小，未压缩100MB到150MB或压缩50MB，它可以安装在USB盘上

3. 不涉及到SA（软件架构）

比较一个完整的Oracle安装需要大量的磁盘空间，而且还涉及到SA。

IC需求

1. 一个带有150MB+磁盘空间的Unix/Linux账号：

hadoop@192.168.8.162:/home/hadoop/oracle

2. 安装Oracle 11gR2的相同平台，一个具有读访问权限的账号：

root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1

IC安装

从Oracle官方网址下载安装包，下载网址： http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

注：请根据操作系统版本下载相应的安装包，这里下载Linux X86-64安装包。

instantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

注：下载Instant Client时需要创建一个Oracle账号才能下载。

使用SSH客户端使用安装账号登录到服务器，在根目录下创建一个oracle目录：

$mkdir /home/hadoop/oracle

上传所有压缩包或至少basic和sqlplus两个包到你账号的根目录下oracle中。

解压到当前目录下完成安装。

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle

$ unzipinstantclient-basic-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

$ unzipinstantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

$ unzip instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

$ unzip instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-11.2.0.4.0.zip

解压完毕后会在当前目录下生成一个instantclient_11_2目录。

$ ll /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

IC配置

配置下面的环境变量到你的Shell配置文件中。

$ vi ~/.bashrc

跳到文件的末尾，添加下面这些环境变量：

export RACLE_IC_HOME=/home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

exportTNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

exportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_IC_HOME

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

exportCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_IC_HOME/ojdbc6.jar:./

$ source ~/. bashrc

或 $ . ~/.bashrc

注：如果需要让所有用户都能使用，需要把上面的配置添加/etc/profile中。

在$ORACLE_IC_HOME目录下创建一个tnsnames.ora文件：

$ vi /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2/tnsnames.ora

orcl=(description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.8.161)(port=1521))(connect_data=(server=dedicated)(service_name=wcdma)))

或

ora =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.161)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER =DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = wcdma)))

SQL*Plus

$ sqlplus kqi/kqi@192.168.8.161:1521/wcdma

或

$ sqlplus kqi/kqi@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onThu Nov 20 14:01:49 2014

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

SQL>

ERROR:

ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve theconnect identifier specified

对于这种问题，排除添加的配置格式错误后。可能原因是读取的tnsnames.ora路径根本就不是$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin下。

注：tnsnames.ora文件的查找路径顺序为：

$HOME => $TNS_ADMIN => /etc =>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/。

现在我们已经有一个构建自己的Instant Client包的基础了。下面是Instant Client的核心文件（位于/home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2中）：

1. libclntsh.so.11.1：客户端代码库

2. libociei.so：OCI InstantClient数据共享库

3. libnnz11.so：安全库

4. libocci.so.11.1：Oracle C++调用接口库

5. libocijdbc11.so：JDBC OCI库

6. ojdbc6/5.jar：JDBC驱动（OCI和Thin）

7. orai18n.jar：字符集转换和本地支持库

Tnsping

从安装Oracle的服务器上拷贝tnsping过来，执行命令：

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

$ scp root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnsping./

现在让在IC安装服务器上尝试运行下它：

$ tnsping ora

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-NOV-2014 14:30:21

Message 3511 not found; No message file forproduct=network, facility=TNSMessage 3512 not found; No message file forproduct=network, facility=TNSMessage 3513 not found; No message file forproduct=network, facility=TNSMessage 3509 not found; No message file forproduct=network, facility=TNS

运行后tnsping抱怨一些文件丢失，更具体的说一个消息文件丢失。现在，我们把该文件从Oracle安装服务器上拷贝过来，进入到instantclient_11_2目录：

$ mkdir -p network/mesg

$ cd network/mesg/

现在从安装Oracle服务上拷贝tnsus.msb文件到该目录中：

$ scp root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/network/mesg/tnsus.msb ./

让我们再尝试一次tnsping，结果如下：

$ tnsping ora

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-NOV-2014 14:49:54

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.161)(PORT =1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = wcdma)))

OK (0 msec)

Sqlldr

本节将添加另外一个工具sqlldr。

首先，我们从安装Oracle的服务器上拷贝sqlldr到IC安装目录instantclient_11_2下。

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

$ scproot@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/bin/sqlldr ./

尝试运行它：

$ sqlldr

Message 2100 not found; No message file forproduct=RDBMS, facility=ULMessage 2100 not found; No message file forproduct=RDBMS, facility=UL

首先我们需要在instantclient_11_2下创建rdbms/mesg目录。

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

$ mkdir -p rdbms/mesg

$ cd rdbms/mesg

把ORACLE安装目录下rdmsb/mesg/ulus.msb拷贝到当前目录。

$ scp root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/ulus.msb./

现在，让我们再次尝试运行它。

$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Productionon Thu Nov 20 16:40:10 2014

Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value[,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

Exp/imp

从安装Oracle服务器上拷贝二进制文件过来。

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

$ scp root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/bin/imp ./
$ scp root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/bin/exp ./

尝试运行imp和exp，结果如下：

$ imp

Message 100 not found; No message file forproduct=RDBMS, facility=IMP: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 2017:02:57 2014

Invalid format of Import utility name

Verify that ORACLE_HOME is properly set

Import terminated unsuccessfully

IMP-00000: Message 0 not found; No messagefile for product=RDBMS, facility=IMP

$ exp

Message 206 not found; No message file forproduct=RDBMS, facility=EXP: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 20 17:03:392014

Invalid format of Export utility name

Verify that ORACLE_HOME is properly set

Export terminated unsuccessfully

EXP-00000: Message 0 not found; No messagefile for product=RDBMS, facility=EXP

再从安装Oracle服务器上拷贝rdbms/mesg下的expus.msb和ipus.msb过来。

$ cd rdbms/mesg/

$ scproot@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/impus.msb ./

$ scproot@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/expus.msb ./

再次运行imp/exp工具错误提示消失，可以正常运行。

Tkprof

现在我们继续添加我最喜欢的工具tkprof。

从安装Oracle的服务器拷贝tkprof到instantclient_11_2目录下。

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle/instantclient_11_2

$ scp root@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tkprof ./

$ mkdir -p oracore/mesg/

$ cd oracore/mesg/

$ scproot@192.168.8.192:/u01/product/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oracore/mesg/lrmus.msb ./

使用示例：

$ tkprof test.trc test.out

Instant Client Bundle

现在，我们已经让所有工具都能正常工作。简单的使用工具压缩打包instantclient_11_2目录，这样你就获得你自己的Instant Client包。例如：

$ cd /home/hadoop/oracle

$ tar zcf instantclient_11_2.tar.gzintantclient_11_2

正如你所看到的，打包成的instant client带有tnsping，sqlldr, exp/imp，tkprof工具，这让IC更加的功能强大。

安装自定义的IC包步骤如下：

1. 上传到服务器上解压缩

2. 修改环境变量

$ vi ~/.bashrc

跳到文件的末尾，添加下面这些环境变量：

export ORACLE_IC_HOME=/instantclient_11_2

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_IC_HOME

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_IC_HOME

exportCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_IC_HOME/ojdbc6.jar:./

$ source ~/. bashrc

或 $ . ~/.bashrc

3. 添加连接数据库的配置

$ vi $ORACLE_IC_HOME/tnsnames.ora

安装完成，现在就可以使用Instant Client中的工具啦！

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