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JDBC使用步骤

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:10 PM
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JDBC编程步骤: 一、注册加载JDBC驱动程序; 注册加载驱动driver,也就是强制类加载:其注册加载JDBC驱动有三种方法: 方法一:Class.forName(DriverName); 其中DriverName=Driver包名。Driver类名; Oracle的DriverName=“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

JDBC编程步骤:

一、注册加载JDBC驱动程序;

注册加载驱动driver,也就是强制类加载:其注册加载JDBC驱动有三种方法:

方法一:Class.forName(DriverName); 其中DriverName=Driver包名。Driver类名;
Oracle的DriverName=“oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver“;
SQLServer的DriverName=“com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver“;
方法三:直接创建一个驱动对象:new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();

MySql的DriverName=“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver“;

方法二:Class.forName(DriverName).newInstance();

代码完成两个功能:第一,把驱动程序加载到内存里;第二,把当前加载的驱动程序自动去DriverManager那注册,DriverManager是JDBC规范中唯一的Java类。

二、得到连接对象 Connection

要连接数据库,需要向java.sql.DriverManager请求并获得Connection对象,该对象就代表一个数据库的连接。
使用DriverManager的getConnectin(Stringurl , String username , String password )方法传入指定的欲连接的数据库的路径、数据库的用户名和密码来获得。
例如://连接MySql数据库,用户名和密码都是root
String url ="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
String username = "root";
String password = "root" ;
try{
Connection con =DriverManager.getConnection(url ,username , password ) ;
}catch(SQLException se){
System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");
se.printStackTrace();
}

1、DriverManager在JDBC规范中是类而不是接口,它是一个服务类,用于管理JDBC驱动程序,提供getConnection()方法建立应用程序与数据库的连接。当JDBC驱动程序加载到内存时,会自动向DriverManager注册,此行代码发出连接请求,DriverManager类就会用注册的JDBC驱动程序来创建到数据库的连接。

2、DriverManager.getConnection()是个静态方法。

3、DriverManager在java.sql包中,当我们调用sql包里任何一个类(包括接口)的任何一个方法时都会报一个编译时异常SQLException。这里我们使用一个try块后跟多个catch块解决。

4、方法参数URL:统一资源定位符。我们连接的数据库在哪台主机上(这个通过ip地址确定),这个主机有可能装了好几种数据库软件,比如SqlServer,mysql,oracle,那么我们连接哪个数据库要通过端口号来确定,端口号又称服务号监听号,sqlserver为1433,mysql为3306,oracle为1521:;下表列出常用数据库软件的url写法:

Oracle: jdbc:oracle:thin:@ip:1521:dbName;

MySql:jdbc:mysql://ip:3306:dbName;
SQLServer:jdbc:sqlserver://ip:1443;databaseName=dbName;

5、当使用本机ip地址连接时需要关闭防火墙,否则连接不上,使用localhost或127.0.0.1则不用关闭防火墙。

三、创建 Statement对象

1、执行静态SQL语句。通常通过Statement实例实现。

2、执行动态SQL语句。通常通过PreparedStatement实例实现。
3、执行数据库存储过程。通常通过CallableStatement实例实现。
具体的实现方式:
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

PreparedStatement pstmt=con.prepareStatement(sql);

CallableStatement cstmt =con.prepareCall("{CALLdemoSp(? , ?)}") ;

四、执行sql语句

Statement接口提供了三种执行SQL语句的方法:executeQuery、executeUpdate 和execute

1、ResultSet executeQuery(String sqlString):执行查询数据库的SQL语句,返回一个结果集(ResultSet)对象。

2、int executeUpdate(String sqlString):用于执行INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE语句以及SQL DDL语句,如:CREATETABLE和DROP TABLE等

3、execute(sqlString):用于执行返回多个结果集、多个更新计数或二者组合的 语句。具体实现的代码:

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ...") ; int rows = stmt.executeUpdate("INSERTINTO ...") ; boolean flag =stmt.execute(String sql) ;

五、处理结果 两种情况:

1、执行更新返回的是本次操作影响到的记录数。

2、执行查询返回的结果是一个ResultSet对象。

ResultSet包含符合SQL语句中条件的所有行,并且它通过一套get方法提供了对这些行中数据的访问。

使用结果集(ResultSet)对象的访问方法获取数据:

while(rs.next()){

String name = rs.getString("name") ;

String pass = rs.getString(1) ; // 此方法比较高效

}

(列是从左到右编号的,并且从列1开始)

六、关闭资源释放资源

操作完成以后要把所有使用的JDBC对象全都关闭,以释放JDBC资源,关闭顺序和声明顺序相反:

1、关闭记录集

2、关闭声明

3、关闭连接对象

if(rs != null){ // 关闭记录集

try{

rs.close() ;

}catch(SQLException e){

e.printStackTrace() ;

}

}

if(stmt != null){ // 关闭声明

try{

stmt.close() ;

}catch(SQLException e){

e.printStackTrace() ;

}

}

if(conn != null){ // 关闭连接对象

try{

conn.close() ;

}catch(SQLException e){

e.printStackTrace() ;

}

}


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