search
HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialInnoDB联机修改表对象结构

联机修改表对象结构: 在MySQL5.6之前 1.创建一个结构与原表对象完全相同的临时表(隐式操作,该对象用户不可见),并将该表的结构

联机修改表对象结构:

在MySQL5.6之前

1.创建一个结构与原表对象完全相同的临时表(隐式操作,该对象用户不可见),并将该表的结构修改为期望的结构

2.锁定原表,只许查询,不许修改

3.将原表数据复制到新创建的临时表,类似insert into new_tb select * from old_tb;

4.将原表重命名,新创建的临时表名称修改为正式表名,之后释放锁定,删除原表

在MySQL5.6以后,联机DDL修改InnoDB表提供有限支持

就地进行In-Place,表示修改操作可以直接在该表对象上执行

复制表Copies Tables,表示需要复制整个表才能执行修改操作

用户可以通过ALTER TABLE语句中的LOCK和ALGORITHM两个子句,来明确控制联机DDL时的操作行为。LOCK子句对于表并行读控制的微调比较有效,而ALGORITHM子句则对于操作时的性能和操作策略有较大影响

LOCK有4个选项值:

DEFAULT:默认处理策略,等同于不指定LOCK子句

NONE:不使用锁定策略,其他会话既能读也能写

SHARED:采取共享策略,其他会话可读但不可写

EXCLUSIVE:采取排他锁定,其他会话既不能读也不能写

ALGORITHM有3个选项值:

DEFAULT:相当于不指定ALGORITHM子句

INPLACE:如果支持就直接修改,不支持就报错

COPY:不管是否支持就地修改,都采取将表对象中数据新复制一份的方式修改

如果希望并发粒度最高,那么就要指定LOCK=NONE(可读可写),若希望操作成本最低,最好指定ALGORITHM=INPLACE(直接对对象进行操作,涉及读写的数据量最小)

 

联机DDL测试:

登录到mysql,执行对象创建脚本

use hugcdb;

set autocommit=0;

create table t_idb_big as select * from information_schema.columns;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

alter table t_idb_big add id int unsigned not null primary key auto_increment;

select count(*) from t_idb_big;

1.测试增/删索引

使用INPLACE方式效率非常高

du –k /data/mysqldata/3306/data/hugcdb/t_idb_big.ibd

alter table t_idb_big add index ind_data_type (data_type),algorithm=inplace;

du –k /data/mysqldata/3306/data/hugcdb/t_idb_big.ibd

alter table t_idb_big drop index ind_data_type,algorithm=inplace;

使用COPY方式效率较低

create index ind_data_type on t_idb_big(data_type) alogorithm=copy;

du –k /data/mysqldata/3306/data/hugcdb/t_idb_big.ibd

drop index ind_data_type on t_idb_big alogorithm=copy;

2.测试增/删索引过程中DML操作

增加表中数据

alter table t_idb_big drop id;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

insert into t_idb_big select * from t_idb_big;

alter table t_idb_big add id int unsigned not null primary key auto_increment;

首先测试传统方式修改表结构,在第一个会话中执行DDL语句

set old_alter_table=1;

create index ind_tablename on t_idb_big(table_name);

在另一个会话执行下列操作

set autocommit=0;

use hugcdb;

select count(*) from t_idb_big where table_name=’FILES’;

delete from t_idb_big where table_name=’FILES’;

rollback;

语句被阻塞

引入联机DDL方式,在第一个会话中执行

set old_alter_table=0;

create index ind_tablename on t_idb_big(table_name) algorithm=inplace;

在另一个会话执行下列操作

select count(*) from t_idb_big where table_name=’FILES’;

delete from t_idb_big where table_name=’FILES’;

rollback;

3.测试修改列

通过COPY机制修改列

alter table t_idb_big change nullable is_unllable varchar(3),algorithm=copy;

联机DDL方式修改列

alter table t_idb_big change nullable is_unllable varchar(3),algorithm=inplace;

4.测试修改自增列

传统方式修改

alter table t_idb_big auto_increment=1000000,algorithm=copy;很慢

连接DDL方式修改

alter table t_idb_big auto_increment=1000000,algorithm=inplace;很快

不仅不需要重建对象,而且只需要修改.frm文件中的标记和内存中的自增值,,完全不需要动表中的数据

5.测试LOCK子句控制并行DML

show processlist;

ID列用于标识会话,Command列用于标识该会话指定的命令类型(比如说查询、空闲等),State列标识该会话当前的状态,Info列标识该会话当前执行的操作,如果为NULL,则说明该会话当前是空闲状态,重点关注State列和Info列

MySQL InnoDB存储引擎锁机制实验

InnoDB存储引擎的启动、关闭与恢复

MySQL InnoDB独立表空间的配置

MySQL Server 层和 InnoDB 引擎层 体系结构图

InnoDB 死锁案例解析

MySQL Innodb独立表空间的配置

本文永久更新链接地址:

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
MySQL's Place: Databases and ProgrammingMySQL's Place: Databases and ProgrammingApr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL: From Small Businesses to Large EnterprisesMySQL: From Small Businesses to Large EnterprisesApr 13, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

What are phantom reads and how does InnoDB prevent them (Next-Key Locking)?What are phantom reads and how does InnoDB prevent them (Next-Key Locking)?Apr 13, 2025 am 12:16 AM

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL: Not a Programming Language, But...MySQL: Not a Programming Language, But...Apr 13, 2025 am 12:03 AM

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular DatabaseMySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular DatabaseApr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

The Importance of MySQL: Data Storage and ManagementThe Importance of MySQL: Data Storage and ManagementApr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

Why Use MySQL? Benefits and AdvantagesWhy Use MySQL? Benefits and AdvantagesApr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

Describe InnoDB locking mechanisms (shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks, next-key locks).Describe InnoDB locking mechanisms (shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks, next-key locks).Apr 12, 2025 am 12:16 AM

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

PhpStorm Mac version

PhpStorm Mac version

The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),