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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialPercona Xtrabackup实现数据库备份和灾难恢复

percona-xtrabackup软件包中中包含了两个工具,一个是xtrabackup,另一个是innobackupex,innobackupex由per进行封装,在对innod

目录
1、工具介绍
2、工具安装
3、备份策略及准备测试数据
4、全备份数据
5、增量备份数据
6、灾难恢复
7、总结

1、工具介绍
percona-xtrabackup软件包中中包含了两个工具,一个是xtrabackup,另一个是innobackupex,innobackupex由per进行封装,在对innodb表进行备份时会自动调用xtraback工具,所以对InnoDB表做备份的实际是xtrabackup这个工具,,xtrabackup也只能对innodb表做备份,这是一个专门对innodb开发的热备工具,而对myisam这样的其他引擎的表则由innobackupex来负责备份,若是全备份加增量的方案,那每次增量innobackupex工具对非innodb表都是全备份且会请求读锁。
xtrabackup对innodb表进行备份时不再只是简单复制文件,而是利用在innodb存储引擎层中的LSN(日志序列号)的新旧来识别这一数据页是否需要备份。
xtraback工具对innodb引擎完美支持真正的热备份,备份好的数据中数据文件与事务日志的文件因innodb cache等因素的存在,所以备份好的数据和事务日志中的数据往往是不一致的,所以,在做数据恢复时需要把事务日志中已提交的事务做redo,没有提交的事务做undo操作,这就是在做数据恢复时要做的准备工作,即prepare。
2、工具安装
系统环境:
[root@mariadb ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@mariadb software]# uname -r
2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64

安装依赖包及percona-xtrabackup:
12 [root@mariadb ~]# yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL
[root@mariadb ~]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.1.9-744.rhel6.x86_64.rpm  #安装的2.1.9版本

顺便把percona的工具集装上:
12 [root@mariadb ~]# yum -y install perl-IO-Socket-SSL  #percona-toolkit依赖包
[root@mariadb ~]# rpm -ivh percona-toolkit-2.2.13-1.noarch.rpm

3、备份策略及准备测试数据
采用先全备份加增量备份的方案。在利用xtrabackup对innodb表做备份工作时,建议mysql启用“innodb_file_per_table=1”变量,这样使每表都有一个自己的表空间,不然很难进行单表备份和还原。还有一点建议,二进制日志文件就不要与数据文件放在同一个目录了,你不想当数据丢失时,二进制日志也一同丢了。
测试数据:
mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+------------+
| VERSION()  |
+------------+
| 5.5.36-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW DATABASES; #创建了一个mydb1数据库
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb1              |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test              |
+--------------------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM mydb1.tb1; #表中只有一条数据
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | tom  |  10 |
+----+------+------+

创建备份数据存放目录:
[root@mariadb ~]# mkdir -pv /backup/{fullbackup,incremental}
#fullbackup  存放全备份数据
#incremental 存放增量备份数据

创建复制用户:

mysql> GRANT RELOAD,LOCK TABLES,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'bkuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4、全备份数据
[root@mariadb ~]# innobackupex --user=bkuser --password=123456 /backup/fullbackup/
#最后出现“150415 16:30:23  innobackupex: completed OK!”这样的信息表示备份完成
[root@mariadb ~]# ls /backup/fullbackup/2015-04-15_16-30-19/
backup-my.cnf  mysql              xtrabackup_binary      xtrabackup_logfile
ibdata1        performance_schema  xtrabackup_binlog_info
mydb1          test                xtrabackup_checkpoints
[root@mariadb ~]# cat /backup/fullbackup/2015-04-15_16-30-19/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 1644877
last_lsn = 1644877
compact = 0

5、增量备份数据
先做一些数据修改:
mysql> INSERT INTO mydb1.tb1 (name,age) VALUES ('jack',20);
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb1;  #增加一条数据
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | tom  |  10 |
|  2 | jack |  20 |
+----+------+------+

做第一次增量备份:
[root@mariadb ~]# innobackupex --user=bkuser --password=123456 --incremental /backup/incremental/ --incremental-basedir=/backup/fullbackup/2015-04-15_16-30-19/
[root@mariadb ~]# ls /backup/incremental/2015-04-15_16-42-00/
backup-my.cnf  mydb1              test                    xtrabackup_checkpoints
ibdata1.delta  mysql              xtrabackup_binary      xtrabackup_logfile
ibdata1.meta  performance_schema  xtrabackup_binlog_info
[root@mariadb ~]# cat /backup/incremental/2015-04-15_16-42-00/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 1644877  #这是全备时的"to_lsn"值
to_lsn = 1645178
last_lsn = 1645178
compact = 0

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