使用MySQL,目前你可以在三种基本数据库表格式间选择。当你创建一张表时,你可以告诉MySQL它应该对于表使用哪个表类型。MySQL将总是创建一个.frm文件保存表和列定义。视表类型而定,索引和数据将在其他文件中存储。 你能用ALTER TABLE语句在不同类型的表之间
使用MySQL,目前你可以在三种基本数据库表格式间选择。当你创建一张表时,你可以告诉MySQL它应该对于表使用哪个表类型。MySQL将总是创建一个.frm文件保存表和列定义。视表类型而定,索引和数据将在其他文件中存储。
你能用ALTER TABLE语句在不同类型的表之间变换。
MyISAM
在MySQL 3.23中,MyISAM是缺省表格类型,它是基于ISAM代码并且有很多有用的扩展。索引存储在一个有.MYI(MYindex)扩展名的文件并且数据存储在有.MYD(MYData)扩展名的文件中。你能用myisamchk实用程序检查/修复MyISAM表。
ISAM
你也可以使用放弃的ISAM。这将在不久消失,因为MyISAM是同一个东西的更好实现。ISAM使用一个B-tree索引,这个索引存储在一个有.ISM扩展名的文件中并且数据存储在有.ISD扩展名的文件中,你可用isamchk实用程序检查/修复ISAM表。ISAM表不是跨OS/平台二进制可移植的。
HEAP
HEAP表格使用一个杂凑(hashed)索引并且存储在内存中。这使他们更快,但是如果MySQL崩溃,你将失去所有存储的数据。HEAP作为临时表很可用!
用SHOW/ DESCRIBE语句显示数据表的信息
句法:
SHOW TABLES [FROM db_name] [LIKE wild] or SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] [LIKE wild] or SHOW INDEX FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] or SHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [LIKE wild] {DESCRIBE | DESC} tbl_name {col_name | wild} |
你能使用db_name.tbl_name作为tbl_name FROM db_name句法的另一种选择。
SHOW TABLES列出在一个给定的数据库中的表。你也可以用mysqlshow db_name命令得到这张表。
注意:如果一个用户没有一个表的任何权限,表将不在SHOW TABLES或mysqlshow db_name中的输出中显示。
SHOW COLUMNS列出在一个给定表中的列。如果列类型不同于你期望的是基于CREATE TABLE语句的那样,注意,MySQL有时改变列类型。
DESCRIBE语句提供了类似SHOW COLUMNS的信息。DESCRIBE提供关于一张表的列的信息。col_name可以是一个列名字或包含SQL的“%”和“_”通配符的一个字符串。这个语句为了与 Oracle 兼容而提供的。
SHOW TABLE STATUS(在版本3.23引入)运行类似SHOW STATUS,但是提供每个表的更多信息。你也可以使用mysqlshow --status db_name命令得到这张表。
SHOW FIELDS是SHOW COLUMNS一个同义词,SHOW KEYS是SHOW INDEX一个同义词。
你也可以用mysqlshow db_name tbl_name或mysqlshow -k db_name tbl_name 列出一张表的列或索引。
SHOW INDEX以非常相似于ODBC的SQLStatistics调用的格式返回索引信息。
使用mysqlshow 工具得到信息
下面简单介绍一下mysqlshow实用程序的用法,在得到数据库和表的信息上,使用起来非常方便。
得到已有数据库的列表:
shell> mysqlshow
列出某数据库db_name中已有的表:
shell> mysqlshow db_name
列出某数据库表db_name.tbl_name的结构信息:
shell>mysqlshow db_name tbl_name
列出一张表的索引:
shell> mysqlshow –k db_name tbl_name

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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