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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL高级特性之集合函数(1)

MySQL高级特性之集合函数(1)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:07 PM
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到现在为止,你只学习了如何根据特定的条件从表中取出一条或多条记录。但是,假如你想对一个表中的记录进行数据统计。例如,如果你想统计存储在表中的一次民意测验的投票结果。或者你想知道一个访问者在你的站点上平均花费了多少时间。要对表中的任何类型的

到现在为止,你只学习了如何根据特定的条件从表中取出一条或多条记录。但是,假如你想对一个表中的记录进行数据统计。例如,如果你想统计存储在表中的一次民意测验的投票结果。或者你想知道一个访问者在你的站点上平均花费了多少时间。要对表中的任何类型的数据进行统计,都需要使用集合函数。你可以统计记录数目,平均值,最小值,最大值,或者求和。当你使用一个集合函数时,它只返回一个数,该数值代表这几个统计值之一。

这些函数的最大特点就是经常和GROUP BY语句配合使用,需要注意的是集合函数不能和非分组的列混合使用。

行列计数

计算查询语句返回的记录行数

直接计算函数COUNT(*)的值,例如,计算pet表中猫的只数:

mysql>SELECT count(*) FROM pet WHERE species=’cat’;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

|        2 |

+----------+

统计字段值的数目

例如,计算pet表中species列的数目:

mysql> SELECT count(species) FROM pet;

+----------------+

| count(species) |

+----------------+

|              9 |

+----------------+

如果相同的种类出现了不止一次,该种类将会被计算多次。如果你想知道种类为某个特定值的宠物有多少个,你可以使用WHERE子句,如下例所示:

mysql> SELECT COUNT(species) FROM pet WHERE species='cat' ;

注意这条语句的结果:

+----------------+

| COUNT(species) |

+----------------+

|              2 |

+----------------+

这个例子返回种类为'cat'的作者的数目。如果这个名字在表pet中出现了两次,则次函数的返回值是2。 而且它和上面提到过的语句的结果是一致的:

SELECT count(*) FROM pet WHERE species=’cat’

实际上,这两条语句是等价的。

假如你想知道有多少不同种类的的宠物数目。你可以通过使用关键字DISTINCT来得到该数目。如下例所示:

mysql> SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT species) FROM pet;

+-------------------------+

| COUNT(DISTINCT species) |

+-------------------------+

|                       5 |

+-------------------------+

如果种类'cat'出现了不止一次,它将只被计算一次。关键字DISTINCT 决定了只有互不相同的值才被计算。

通常,当你使用COUNT()时,字段中的空值将被忽略。

另外,COUNT()函数通常和GROUP BY子句配合使用,例如可以这样返回每种宠物的数目:

mysql> SELECT species,count(*) FROM pet GROUP BY species;

+---------+----------+

| species | count(*) |

+---------+----------+

| bird    |        2 |

| cat     |        2 |

| dog     |        3 |

| hamster |        1 |

| snake   |        1 |

+---------+----------+

 

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