在数据库表中,使用索引可以大大提高查询速度。 假如我们创建了一个testindex表: create table testindex(i_testid int not null,vc_name varchar(16) not null); 我们随机向里面插入了1000条记录,其中有一条 i_testid vc_name 555 erquan 在查找vc_name="e
在数据库表中,使用索引可以大大提高查询速度。
假如我们创建了一个testindex表:
create table testindex(i_testid int not null,vc_name varchar(16) not null);
我们随机向里面插入了1000条记录,其中有一条
i_testid vc_name
555 erquan
在查找vc_name="erquan"的记录
select * from testindex where vc_name='erquan';
时,如果在vc_name上已经建立了索引,mysql无须任何扫描,即准确可找到该记录!相反,mysql会扫描所有记录,即要查询1000次啊~~可以索引将查询速度提高100倍。
一、索引分单列索引和组合索引
单列索引:即一个索引只包含单个列,一个表可以有多个单列索引,但这不是组合索引。
组合索引:即一个索包含多个列。
二、介绍一下索引的类型
1.普通索引。
这是最基本的索引,它没有任何限制。它有以下几种创建方式:
(1)创建索引:create index indexname on tablename(tablecolumns(length));如果是char,varchar类型,length可以小于字段实际长度;如果是blob 和 text 类型,必须指定length,下同。
(2)修改表结构:alter tablename add index [indexname] on (tablecolumns(length))
(3)创建表的时候直接指定:create table tablename ( [...], index [indexname] (tablecolumns(length)) ;
2.唯一索引。
它与前面的"普通索引"类似,不同的就是:索引列的值必须唯一,但允许有空值。如果是组合索引,则列值的组合必须唯一。它有以下几种创建方式:
(1)创建索引:create unique index indexname on tablename(tablecolumns(length))
(2)修改表结构:alter tablename add unique [indexname] on (tablecolumns(length))
(3)创建表的时候直接指定:create table tablename ( [...], unique [indexname] (tablecolumns(length));
3.主键索引
它是一种特殊的唯一索引,不允许有空值。一般是在建表的时候同时创建主键索引:create table testindex(i_testid int not null auto_increment,vc_name varchar(16) not null,primary key(i_testid));
当然也可以用alter命令。
记住:一个表只能有一个主键。
4.全文索引
mysql从3.23.23版开始支持全文索引和全文检索。这里不作讨论,呵呵~~
删除索引的语法:drop index index_name on tablename

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