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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial工具类之数据库工具类:DBUtil(采用反射机制)

经常操作数据库的码农们一定知道操作数据库是一项很复杂的工作,它不仅要解决各种乱码的问题还要解决各种数据表的增删改查等的操作。 另外每次操作数据库都要用到数据库连接、执行SQL语句、关闭连接的操作,所以在这里我就把这些功能封装到了一个工具类中,

经常操作数据库的码农们一定知道操作数据库是一项很复杂的工作,它不仅要解决各种乱码的问题还要解决各种数据表的增删改查等的操作。

另外每次操作数据库都要用到数据库连接、执行SQL语句、关闭连接的操作,所以在这里我就把这些功能封装到了一个工具类中,该类使用的是反射机制写成的,也就是说它可以帮助你完成对任何数据表的操作。关键代码如下:

首先是配置文件:config.properties

driverName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/
dateName=dateName
sqlSetting=?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
user=userName
pwd=userPwd

 

其次是数据库连接工具类:DBUtil.java

public class DBUtil {

private static String driverName = null;
private static String url = null;
private static String dateName = null;
private static String sqlSetting = null;
private static String user = null;
private static String pwd = null;

/**
* 读取配置文件并为初始化成员变量
*/
static{
InputStream is = DBUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
if(is != null)
properties.load(is);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
driverName = properties.getProperty("driverName");
url = properties.getProperty("url");
dateName = properties.getProperty("dateName");
sqlSetting = properties.getProperty("sqlSetting");
user = properties.getProperty("user");
pwd = properties.getProperty("pwd");
url += dateName + sqlSetting;
}

/**
* 加载数据库驱动
*/
static{
try {
Class.forName(driverName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError("加载驱动出错");
}
}

/**
* 获取数据库连接
* @return 返回数据库的连接
*/
public static Connection getConnection(){
try {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}

/**
* 关闭数据库连接
* @param rs 要关闭结果集对象
* @param pstat 要关闭的预编译语句对象
* @param conn 要关闭的数据库连接
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs,PreparedStatement pstat,Connection conn){
try {
if(rs != null)
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(pstat != null)
pstat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try {
if(conn != null)
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}

 

然后就是泛型表的增删改查类:

public class DBDao {

/**
* 保存给出的t对象到相应的数据库中

* @param t 要保存到数据库的对象
*/
public static void insert(T t) {
// 获取对象t的class对象
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class cla = (Class) t.getClass();
// 获取对象t的所有字段
Field[] fields = cla.getDeclaredFields();
// 声明列表用于存放对象t的字段变量名
List keys = new ArrayList();
// 声明列表用于存放对象t的字段的值
List values = new ArrayList();
// 声明Method对象用于接收字段的get方法
Method method = null;
// 声明Object对象用于接收字段值
Object obj = null;
// 如果字段数组不为空,遍历对象t的字段数组
if (fields != null && fields.length > 0) {
for (Field field : fields) {
// 如果该字段不是ID字段,就保存到字段列表中
if (!field.getName().equals("id")) {
keys.add(field.getName());
try {
// 获取该字段对应的get方法
method = cla.getDeclaredMethod(getMethodName(field
.getName()));
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
// 执行该字段的get方法并接收返回值
obj = method.invoke(t);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 将返回的结果保存到字段值列表中
values.add(obj);
}
}
}
// 组拼sql语句
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("insert into "
+ cla.getName().substring(cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1)
+ "(");
StringBuffer sqlValues = new StringBuffer("values(");
for (int i = 0; i sql.append(keys.get(i) + ",");
sqlValues.append("?,");
}
sql.append(keys.get(keys.size() - 1) + ") ");
sqlValues.append("?)");
sql.append(sqlValues);
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
for (int i = 0; i pstat.setObject(i + 1, values.get(i));
}
pstat.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
DBUtil.close(null, pstat, conn);
}
/**
* 根据给定的Class对象和id查询相应的结果

* @param cla 给定的Class对象
* @param id 给定的id
* @return 返回查询到的相应的类的对象
*/
public static T select(Class cla, int id) {
// 设置SQL语句
String sql = "select * from "
+ cla.getName().substring(cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1)
+ " where id = ?";
// 获取当前对象所属类中的方法
Method[] methods = cla.getDeclaredMethods();
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
T t = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstat.setInt(1, id);
// 获取查询结果
rs = pstat.executeQuery();
// 获取查询结果集中的各个列的属性
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = pstat.getMetaData();
// 获取查询结果集中列的个数
int columnNum = rsmd.getColumnCount();
// 定义字符串数组存放结果集中的列名
String[] columnNames = new String[columnNum];
// 获取结果集中各列的列名并存放到数组中
for (int i = 0; i columnNames[i] = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
}
if (rs.next()) {
t = cla.newInstance();
for (String columnName : columnNames) {
// 获取结果集中各列对应的set方法名
String cName = setMethodName(columnName);
// 根据方法名获取方法
for (int i = 0; i if (cName.equals(methods[i].getName())) {
methods[i].invoke(t, rs.getObject(columnName));
break;
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(rs, pstat, conn);
}
return t;
}
/**
* 根据给定的对象和id更新数据

* @param t 给定的对象
* @param id 给定的id
*/
public static void update(T t, int id) {
// 获取对象t的class对象
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class cla = (Class) t.getClass();
// 获取t对象中的所有字段
Field[] fields = cla.getDeclaredFields();
// 声明列表用于存放t对象中的字段名(ID除外)
List keys = new ArrayList();
// 声明列表用于存放t对象中的字段值(ID除外)
List values = new ArrayList();
// 声明Method对象用于接收字段的get方法
Method method = null;
// 声明Object对象用于接收字段值
Object obj = null;
// 如果字段数组不为空,遍历对象t的字段数组
if (fields != null && fields.length > 0) {
for (Field field : fields) {
// 如果该字段不是ID字段,就保存到字段列表中
if (!field.getName().equals("id")) {
keys.add(field.getName());
try {
// 获取该字段对应的get方法
method = cla.getDeclaredMethod(getMethodName(field
.getName()));
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
// 执行该字段的get方法并接收返回值
obj = method.invoke(t);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 将返回的结果保存到字段值列表中
values.add(obj);
}
}
}
// 拼接SQL语句
String table = t.getClass().getName()
.substring(t.getClass().getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("update " + table + " set ");
for (int i = 0; i sql.append(keys.get(i) + " = ? ,");
}
sql.append(keys.get(keys.size() - 1) + " = ? where id = ?");


// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
// 为要执行的SQL语句配置参数
for (int i = 0; i pstat.setObject(i + 1, values.get(i));
}
pstat.setInt(values.size() + 1, id);
pstat.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(null, pstat, conn);
}
}
/**
* 根据给定的对象、条件和数据更新数据

* @param t 给定的对象
* @param where 给定的条件
* @param value 给定的值
*/
public static void update(T t, String where, Object[] value) {
// 获取对象t的class对象
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class cla = (Class) t.getClass();
// 获取t对象中的所有字段
Field[] fields = cla.getDeclaredFields();
// 声明列表用于存放t对象中的字段名(ID除外)
List keys = new ArrayList();
// 声明列表用于存放t对象中的字段值(ID除外)
List values = new ArrayList();
// 声明Method对象用于接收字段的get方法
Method method = null;
// 声明Object对象用于接收字段值
Object obj = null;
// 如果字段数组不为空,遍历对象t的字段数组
if (fields != null && fields.length > 0) {
for (Field field : fields) {
// 如果该字段不是ID字段,就保存到字段列表中
if (!field.getName().equals("id")) {
keys.add(field.getName());
try {
// 获取该字段对应的get方法
method = cla.getDeclaredMethod(getMethodName(field
.getName()));
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
// 执行该字段的get方法并接收返回值
obj = method.invoke(t);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 将返回的结果保存到字段值列表中
values.add(obj);
}
}
}
String table = t.getClass().getName()
.substring(t.getClass().getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("update " + table + " set ");
for (int i = 0; i sql.append(keys.get(i) + " = ? ,");
}
sql.append(keys.get(keys.size() - 1) + " = ? ");
if (where != null && where.length() > 0) {
sql.append(where);
}
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
for (int i = 0; i pstat.setObject(i + 1, values.get(i));
}
for (int i = 0, j = values.size(); i pstat.setObject(j + 1, value[i]);
}
pstat.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(null, pstat, conn);
}
}


/**
* 查询所有结果

* @param cla 给定的Class对象
* @return 返回所有的结果
*/
public static List queryAll(Class cla) {
// 设置SQL语句
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("select * from "+cla.getName().substring(cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1));
// 获取cla对象所属类的方法
Method[] methods = cla.getDeclaredMethods();
// 创建列表用于保存查询的结果集
List listResult = new ArrayList();
// 声明对象t用于遍历结果集
T t = null;
// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
rs = pstat.executeQuery();
// 获取查询的结果集中列的属性信息
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = pstat.getMetaData();
// 获取结果集中的列的个数
int columnNum = rsmd.getColumnCount();
// 创建数组用于存放结果集中的列名
String[] columnNames = new String[columnNum];
for (int i = 0; i columnNames[i] = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
}
// 遍历结果集
while (rs.next()) {
try {
t = cla.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
for (String columnName : columnNames) {
// 根据字段名获取相应的set方法名
String methodName = setMethodName(columnName);
for (int i = 0; i // 方法名在方法数组中找出相应的set方法
if (methodName.equals(methods[i].getName())) {
try {
// 执行相应的set方法,为对象t设置属性值
methods[i].invoke(t, rs.getObject(columnName));
break;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
// 将遍历出的对象添加到指定是列表中
listResult.add(t);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接
DBUtil.close(rs, pstat, conn);
}
// 返回结果列表
return listResult;
}
/**
* 根据给定的条件查询一条数据
* @param cla 给出的类的Class对象
* @param where 给出的查询条件
* @param value 给出的查询条件中的参数值
* @return 返回查询到的结果
*/
public static T find(Class cla, String where, Object[] value) {
// 组合SQL语句
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("select * from "
+ cla.getName().substring(cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1)
+ " ");
if (where != null && where.length() > 0) {
sql.append(where);
}
// 获取Class对象cla对应的类中方法
Method[] methods = cla.getDeclaredMethods();
// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
T t = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
// 设置SQL语句中的参数
for (int i = 0; i pstat.setObject(i + 1, value[i]);
}
// 获取结果集
rs = pstat.executeQuery();
// 获取结果集中列的属性信息
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = pstat.getMetaData();
// 获取结果集中的列的个数
int columnNum = rsmd.getColumnCount();
// 创建字符串数组用于保存结果集中的列的名称
String[] columnNames = new String[columnNum];
// 获取结果集中的各个列的名称并保存到数组中
for (int i = 0; i columnNames[i] = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
}
// 遍历结果集
if (rs.next()) {
try {
t = cla.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
for (String columnName : columnNames) {
// 根据字段名获取相应的set方法名
String methodName = setMethodName(columnName);
for (int i = 0; i // 方法名在方法数组中找出相应的set方法
if (methodName.equals(methods[i].getName())) {
try {
// 执行相应的set方法,为对象t设置属性值
methods[i].invoke(t, rs.getObject(columnName));
break;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(rs, pstat, conn);
}
return t;
}
/**
* 根据给定的条件查询结果

* @param cla 给定的Class对象
* @param where 给定的查询条件
* @param value 给定的查询条件中的参数值
* @return 返回查询到的结果集
*/
public static List query(Class cla, String where, Object[] value) {
// 组合SQL语句
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("select * from "
+ cla.getName().substring(cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1)
+ " ");
if (where != null && where.length() > 0) {
sql.append(where);
}
// 获取Class对象cla对应的类中方法
Method[] methods = cla.getDeclaredMethods();
// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
List listResult = new ArrayList();
T t = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
// 设置SQL语句中的参数
for (int i = 0; i pstat.setObject(i + 1, value[i]);
}
// 获取结果集
rs = pstat.executeQuery();
// 获取结果集中列的属性信息
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = pstat.getMetaData();
// 获取结果集中的列的个数
int columnNum = rsmd.getColumnCount();
// 创建字符串数组用于保存结果集中的列的名称
String[] columnNames = new String[columnNum];
// 获取结果集中的各个列的名称并保存到数组中
for (int i = 0; i columnNames[i] = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
}
// 遍历结果集
while (rs.next()) {
try {
t = cla.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
for (String columnName : columnNames) {
// 根据字段名获取相应的set方法名
String methodName = setMethodName(columnName);
for (int i = 0; i // 方法名在方法数组中找出相应的set方法
if (methodName.equals(methods[i].getName())) {
try {
// 执行相应的set方法,为对象t设置属性值
methods[i].invoke(t, rs.getObject(columnName));
break;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
// 将遍历出的对象添加到指定是列表中
listResult.add(t);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
DBUtil.close(rs, pstat, conn);
}
return listResult;
}
/**
* 根据给出的Class对象和ID删除相应的数据

* @param cla 给出的Class对象
* @param id 给出的ID
*/
public static void delete(Class cla, int id) {
// 拼接SQL语句
String tableName = cla.getName().substring(
cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
String sql = new String("delete from " + tableName + " where id = ?");
// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;


try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstat.setInt(1, id);
pstat.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接
DBUtil.close(null, pstat, conn);
}
}
/**
* 根据给出的Class对象、条件和参数值删除相应的数据

* @param cla 给出的Class对象
* @param where 给出的条件
* @param value 给出的条件的参数值
*/
public static void delete(Class cla, String where, Object[] value) {
String tableName = cla.getName().substring(
cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer("delete from " + tableName + " ");
if (where != null && where.length() > 0) {
sql.append(where);
}
// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
for (int i = 0; i pstat.setObject(i + 1, value[i]);
}
pstat.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接
DBUtil.close(null, pstat, conn);
}


}
/**
* 根据给出的Class对象清空相应的数据表

* @param cla 给出的Class对象
*/
public static void clear(Class cla) {
String tableName = cla.getName().substring(
cla.getName().lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
String sql = new String("delete from " + tableName);


// 连接数据库
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstat = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
pstat = conn.prepareStatement(sql.toString());
pstat.execute();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭数据库连接
DBUtil.close(null, pstat, conn);
}
}
/**
* 根据给出的字段名获取相应的get方法

* @param name 给出的字段名
* @return 返回相应字段的get方法
*/
private static String getMethodName(String name) {
char[] ch = name.toCharArray();
ch[0] -= 32;
String str = new String(ch);
return "get" + str;
}


/**
* 根据给出的字段名获取相应的set方法

* @param name 给出的字段名
* @return 返回相应字段的set方法
*/
private static String setMethodName(String name) {
char[] ch = name.toCharArray();
ch[0] -= 32;
String str = new String(ch);
return "set" + str;
}
}

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How does MySQL differ from SQL Server?How does MySQL differ from SQL Server?Apr 23, 2025 am 12:20 AM

The difference between MySQL and SQLServer is: 1) MySQL is open source and suitable for web and embedded systems, 2) SQLServer is a commercial product of Microsoft and is suitable for enterprise-level applications. There are significant differences between the two in storage engine, performance optimization and application scenarios. When choosing, you need to consider project size and future scalability.

In what scenarios might you choose SQL Server over MySQL?In what scenarios might you choose SQL Server over MySQL?Apr 23, 2025 am 12:20 AM

In enterprise-level application scenarios that require high availability, advanced security and good integration, SQLServer should be chosen instead of MySQL. 1) SQLServer provides enterprise-level features such as high availability and advanced security. 2) It is closely integrated with Microsoft ecosystems such as VisualStudio and PowerBI. 3) SQLServer performs excellent in performance optimization and supports memory-optimized tables and column storage indexes.

How does MySQL handle character sets and collations?How does MySQL handle character sets and collations?Apr 23, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQLmanagescharactersetsandcollationsbyusingUTF-8asthedefault,allowingconfigurationatdatabase,table,andcolumnlevels,andrequiringcarefulalignmenttoavoidmismatches.1)Setdefaultcharactersetandcollationforadatabase.2)Configurecharactersetandcollationfor

What are triggers in MySQL?What are triggers in MySQL?Apr 23, 2025 am 12:11 AM

A MySQL trigger is an automatically executed stored procedure associated with a table that is used to perform a series of operations when a specific data operation is performed. 1) Trigger definition and function: used for data verification, logging, etc. 2) Working principle: It is divided into BEFORE and AFTER, and supports row-level triggering. 3) Example of use: Can be used to record salary changes or update inventory. 4) Debugging skills: Use SHOWTRIGGERS and SHOWCREATETRIGGER commands. 5) Performance optimization: Avoid complex operations, use indexes, and manage transactions.

How do you create and manage user accounts in MySQL?How do you create and manage user accounts in MySQL?Apr 22, 2025 pm 06:05 PM

The steps to create and manage user accounts in MySQL are as follows: 1. Create a user: Use CREATEUSER'newuser'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password'; 2. Assign permissions: Use GRANTSELECT, INSERT, UPDATEONmydatabase.TO'newuser'@'localhost'; 3. Fix permission error: Use REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONmydatabase.FROM'newuser'@'localhost'; then reassign permissions; 4. Optimization permissions: Use SHOWGRA

How does MySQL differ from Oracle?How does MySQL differ from Oracle?Apr 22, 2025 pm 05:57 PM

MySQL is suitable for rapid development and small and medium-sized applications, while Oracle is suitable for large enterprises and high availability needs. 1) MySQL is open source and easy to use, suitable for web applications and small and medium-sized enterprises. 2) Oracle is powerful and suitable for large enterprises and government agencies. 3) MySQL supports a variety of storage engines, and Oracle provides rich enterprise-level functions.

What are the disadvantages of using MySQL compared to other relational databases?What are the disadvantages of using MySQL compared to other relational databases?Apr 22, 2025 pm 05:49 PM

The disadvantages of MySQL compared to other relational databases include: 1. Performance issues: You may encounter bottlenecks when processing large-scale data, and PostgreSQL performs better in complex queries and big data processing. 2. Scalability: The horizontal scaling ability is not as good as Google Spanner and Amazon Aurora. 3. Functional limitations: Not as good as PostgreSQL and Oracle in advanced functions, some functions require more custom code and maintenance.

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