DBMS_RANDOM是Oracle提供的一个PL/SQL包,用于生成随机数据和字符。其中,initialize,random,terminate函数在Oracle11g中已不推荐
DBMS_RANDOM是Oracle提供的一个PL/SQL包,用于生成随机数据和字符。它具有以下函数。
其中,initialize,random,terminate函数在Oracle11g中已不推荐使用,主要用于向后兼容。下面对各个函数进行举例说明
1. INITIALIZE
用一个种子值来初始化DBMS_RANDOM包。
默认情况下,DBMS_RANDOM包是根据用户、时间、会话来进行初始化,这样,即便是同一个语句,每次生成的数值都会不一样,但这样会产生一个问题,在测试环境下,如果我想每次生成的随机序列都是一样的,该怎么办?INITIALIZE函数就很好的解决了这一问题,通过设置相同的种子值,则每次生成的随机序列都将是一样的。
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.INITIALIZE (
val IN BINARY_INTEGER);
举例:
SQL> BEGIN
dbms_random.initialize(100);
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(dbms_random.random);
END LOOP;
END;
/
751599369
1131809137
-865013504
-407075626
-448154892
-1371178596
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
即便是在不同的会话中,不同的用户下,随机生成的10个值都是一样的。
2. NORMAL
NORMAL函数返回服从正态分布的一组数。此正态分布标准偏差为1,期望值为0。这个函数返回的数值中有68%是介于-1与+1之间,95%介于-2与+2之间,99%介于-3与+3之间。
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.NORMAL
RETURN NUMBER;
举例:
SQL> select dbms_random.normal from dual;
NORMAL
----------
.321082788
3. RANDOM
RANDOM返回值的范围为: [-2^31, 2^31),返回的是整数。
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM
RETURN binary_integer;
举例:
SQL> select dbms_random.random from dual;
RANDOM
----------
-1.363E+09
4. SEED
功能和INITIALIZE函数类似,实际上,INITIALIZE函数被淘汰,推荐的替代函数即是SEED函数。与INITIALIZE函数不同的是SEED函数同时支持数值和字符作为种子值,而INITIALIZE函数只支持数值。
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.SEED (
val IN BINARY_INTEGER);
DBMS_RANDOM.SEED (
val IN VARCHAR2);
举例:
BEGIN
dbms_random.seed('hello');
FOR i IN 1 .. 10 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(round(dbms_random.value * 100));
END LOOP;
END;
输出如下:
58
71
33
4
39
53
93
37
20
5
其中,VARCHAR2的最大范围为2000.
5. STRING
随机生成字符串
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.STRING
opt IN CHAR,
len IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2;
关于opt和len的说明,解释如下:
可见,opt指的是字符串的格式,len指的是字符串的长度。
举例:
SQL> select dbms_random.string('u',10) value from dual;
VALUE
--------------------
MCPEZLEQOO
SQL> select dbms_random.string('l',10) value from dual;
VALUE
--------------------
laufaqufln
SQL> select dbms_random.string('a',10) value from dual;
VALUE
--------------------
vjEetXlItt
SQL> select dbms_random.string('x',10) value from dual;
VALUE
--------------------
LAMDGZE22E
SQL> select dbms_random.string('p',10) value from dual;
VALUE
--------------------
4LF =Q'(fP
6. TERMINATE
在使用完DBMS_RANDOM包后,用该函数进行终止。该函数在11gR1中即不推荐使用了。
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.TERMINATE;
举例:
SQL> exec DBMS_RANDOM.TERMINATE;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
7. VALUE
语法:
DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE
RETURN NUMBER;
DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(
low IN NUMBER,
high IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER;
对于第一种用法,返回的值的范围为大于或等于0,小于1,带有38位精度的小数。
对于第二种用法,可指定最小值和最大值,返回值的范围为大于或等于low,小于high。
举例:
SQL> select dbms_random.value from dual;
VALUE
----------
.291782963
SQL> select dbms_random.value(10,20) from dual;
DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE(10,20)
------------------------
12.4079412
总结:
关于VALUE函数返回38位精度的小数,可通过以下方式验证。
SQL> select dbms_random.value from dual;
VALUE
----------
.511020102
SQL> col value for 999999.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
SQL> select dbms_random.value from dual;
VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------
.1590863051775181450023750363985770254400000000000
SQL> /
VALUE
---------------------------------------------------------
.5831363280913832608492096535119024112700000000000

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)