大家都知道,mongodb是一个非关系型数据库,也就是说,mongodb数据库中的每张表是独立存在的,表与表之间没有任何依赖关系。在mongodb中,除了各种CRUD语句之外,还给我们提供了聚合和mapreduce统计的功能,这篇文章主要来跟大家聊聊mongodb的mapreduce的操
大家都知道,mongodb是一个非关系型数据库,也就是说,mongodb数据库中的每张表是独立存在的,表与表之间没有任何依赖关系。在mongodb中,除了各种CRUD语句之外,还给我们提供了聚合和mapreduce统计的功能,这篇文章主要来跟大家聊聊mongodb的mapreduce的操作。
mapreduce的概念我就不赘述了,大家自己去查查吧。
在mongodb中,mapreduce的语法如下:
db.table.mapReduce( map, reduce, { query: query, out: out, //指定结果集以什么方式存储,可选参数包括: //replace:如果文档(table)存在,则替换table, //merge:如果文档中存在记录,则覆盖已存在的文档记录 //reduce: 如果文档中存在相同key的记录了,则先计算两条记录,然后覆盖旧记录 // {inline:1} 在内存中存储记录,不写入磁盘(用户数据量少的计算) sort: sort, limit: limit, finalize: function //这个function主要用来在存入out之前可以修改数据,function(key,values) { //return modifiedValues;} scope: document, //指定reduce可访问的文档范围 jsMode:boolean //指定是否在map和ruduce之间立即将数据转换为Bason格式,默认为false //如果想设置为true,则要记住官方我那当的注意事项: //You can only use jsMode for result sets with fewer than //500,000 distinct key arguments to the mapper’s emit()function. verbose:boolean //是否在结果集中包含timing信息,默认是包含的 } )
在做mongodb的mapreduce时,要确保你的query是可以利用到索引的,不然在大数据量的统计下,将会托夸整个数据库,如果确实没办法建索引,那么就在结果集中判断一些不符合条件的数据,而去掉query。
mapreduce的语法其实很简单,只不过这里面有几点需要注意一下:
1.在map中,mongodb是每1000条数据就reduce一次
2.在map中,如果你想统计一个数据之和,需要这样写:
emit(key:this.key,sum:0})
然后再在reduce里需要将上一次的sum迭代累加起来,然后return {sum:sum};如果不这样做,你计算出来的数据总是最后不足1000条数据之后统计出来的,而前面的数据就都丢失了。
3.如果能不用mapreduce,就不用,程序能够统计的,就不要用mongodb频繁统计。
4.mapreduce的结果集的数据格式是:{_id:key,value:{}},因此如果想直接使用这个表的话,最好再重新将数据格式整理一次,尽量将数据放在最上次,而不是再用value.xxx去查询。
这里附上统计我们网站的用户发表内容的数量的mapreduce,仅供一种代码格式的参考价值吧:
var db = connect('127.0.0.1:27017/test'); db.aAccounttemp.drop(); var map = function() { emit(this.accountId, {sum:0, reblogFlag:this.reblogFlag,dashboardFlag:this.dashboardFlag,dashboardType:this.dashboardType, photoNum:0,postNum:0,reblogNum:0,videoNum:0,videoShortNum:0, musicNum:0, questionNum:0,appNum:0, dialogNum:0}); } var reduce = function(key,values) { var sum = 0; var photoNum = 0; var postNum = 0; var reblogNum = 0; var videoNum = 0; var videoShortNum = 0; var musicNum = 0; var questionNum = 0; var appNum = 0; var dialogNum = 0; for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { var data = values[i]; var reblogFlag = data.reblogFlag; var dashboardFlag = data.dashboardFlag; var dashboardType = data.dashboardType; sum += data.sum; photoNum += data.photoNum; reblogNum += data.reblogNum; postNum += data.postNum; videoNum += data.videoNum; musicNum += data.musicNum; videoShortNum += data.videoShortNum; questionNum += data.questionNum; appNum += data.appNum; dialogNum += data.dialogNum; if(!reblogFlag) { if(dashboardFlag) { sum += 1; if(dashboardType == 10) { postNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 20) { photoNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 30) { videoNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 31) { videoShortNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 40) { musicNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 60) { questionNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 100) { appNum += 1; } else if(dashboardType == 91) { dialogNum += 1; } } else { if(dashboardType == 20) { photoNum += 1; } } } else if(reblogFlag && dashboardFlag) { reblogNum += 1; } } return {sum:NumberInt(sum),reblogNum:NumberInt(reblogNum),postNum:NumberInt(postNum),photoNum:NumberInt(photoNum), videoNum:NumberInt(videoNum),videoShortNum:NumberInt(videoShortNum), musicNum:NumberInt(musicNum), questionNum:NumberInt(questionNum),appNum:NumberInt(appNum),dialogNum:NumberInt(dialogNum)}; }; db.getMongo().setSlaveOk(); db.dashboard_basic.mapReduce( map, reduce, { out:{merge:'aAccounttemp'} } ); var results = db.aAccounttemp.find(); //重新整理数据格式,存入正规表中 while (results.hasNext()) { var obj = results.next(); var value = obj.value; var sum = NumberInt(value.sum); var reblogNum = NumberInt(value.reblogNum); var postNum = NumberInt(value.postNum); var photoNum = NumberInt(value.photoNum); var videoNum = NumberInt(value.videoNum); var videoShortNum = NumberInt(value.videoShortNum); var musicNum = NumberInt(value.musicNum); var questionNum = NumberInt(value.questionNum); var appNum = NumberInt(value.appNum); var dialogNum = NumberInt(value.dialogNum); var accountId = obj._id; db.dashboard_account_num.insert({accountId:accountId,sum:sum,reblogNum:reblogNum,postNum:postNum,photoNum:photoNum, videoShortNum:videoShortNum,videoNum:videoNum,musicNum:musicNum,questionNum:questionNum, appNum:appNum,dialogNum:dialogNum}); } print('success insert total ' + results.count()+ ' datas'); db.aAccounttemp.drop() quit()

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