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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial为什么说数据库版本控制是必须的

为什么说数据库版本控制是必须的

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:56 PM
WhyPrefacedevelopcontroldatabaseVersionprocess

前言 开发过程中的版本控制非常常见,但在数据库的世界来说,版本控制就是二等甚至三等公民了。当多人同时开发一个数据库管理和应用系统时,采用合理的方法监控数据库中表、存储过程和视图等对象的变动是非常重要的,每次更改数据库,都需要做详细的记录,稍

前言

开发过程中的版本控制非常常见,但在数据库的世界来说,版本控制就是二等甚至三等公民了。当多人同时开发一个数据库管理和应用系统时,采用合理的方法监控数据库中表、存储过程和视图等对象的变动是非常重要的,每次更改数据库,都需要做详细的记录,稍不留神就出问题。我任职过的几家公司在开发流程中的版本控制做的非常到位,但数据库方面却是一片空白,在开发过程中,经常会涉及到表上增加列、修改列、修改存储过程和视图,发生变化后,之前的数据库对象定义就丢失了,给开发带来非常多的麻烦,下面说说我解决没有数据库版本控制机制所引起的麻烦的思路。

备份数据库

解决这个麻烦我们最开始的思路就是备份数据库,每隔几天备份一次数据库,当需要找历史数据库对象时将备份库还原到测试机上再把对应的存储过程或者表定义找出来。这种方式使用过程中就发现很多问题,首先每次需要查看历史记录的时候去还原备份非常麻烦,其次随着开发的进行,很难记得清是谁在什么时间改了什么数据库对象,必须把一段时间内的备份都还原了再进行查找。这个过程不仅让人很恼火,也非常浪费时间精力,如果备份间隔过长,期间变更的对象定义就无法找回了。 

导出数据库对象

后来的解决思路就是每次修改数据库对象的时候将数据库对象的定义以.sql的方式存入SVN,这种方式非常麻烦。很多时候开发人员偷懒忘记签入SVN了,则会引起很大问题。新加入团队的人也很难看清版本修改的来龙去脉。此外,这种方式非常不直观,如果希望看到一个数据库对象的历史版本记录,则还要去SVN中查找,显示也非常不直观

还有一个问题是团队中的开发DBA非常不习惯使用SVN。

将版本记录存入数据库

这种方式是我在网上看到过的,是在数据库中通过触发器对于数据库的变更操作进行记录,作为开发出身的人来说,对这种方式就不是很喜欢。况且去历史表中找版本修改记录本来就是一件费时费力的事。

使用第三方工具

现在一些第三方公司已经开发了针对数据库的版本控制工具,我们之前曾经尝试过RedGate的SQLSource Control(http://www.red-gate.com/products/sql-development/sql-source-control/),SQLSource Control的原理是基于SVN,使用起来不是很符合团队的使用习惯,易用性不够,在团队推广的培训成本也比较高。

 

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最近团队在使用的另一个工具是一个很易用的中文版数据库版本控制软件,叫做SourceSafe for SQL Server(http://www.grqsh.com/products.htm?tab=sourcesafe-for-sql-server), Source Safe for SQL Server的原理是将变更记录存入版本库,定期可以将数据库定义的脚本导入SVN,数据库版本的历史记录可以像在SVN中那样查看,团队推广的培训成本也比较低。帮助我们解决了很多团队中的问题。

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后记

数据库版本化看似是个可有可无的过程,但做好了,可以减少开发和实施甚至是生产环境中的很多麻烦,我们的系统就是个活生生的例子。本文所阐述的方法是来自之前团队的经验。开发团队的发展都会经历从幼稚到成熟,借鉴成熟工具的经验和方法论,提前认识并解决问题可减少损失提升生产力。 
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