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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial字符集之NLS_LANG

字符集之NLS_LANG

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:55 PM
langparametercharacter setcomposition

1. NLS_LANG 参数组成 NLS_LANG参数由以下部分组成: NLS_LANG=Language_Territory.Clients Characterset NLS_LANG各部分含义如下: LANGUAGE指定: -Oracle消息使用的语言 -日期中月份和日显示 TERRITORY指定 -货币和数字式 -地区和计算星期及日期的习惯 CHARA

1. NLS_LANG 参数组成

NLS_LANG参数由以下部分组成:
NLS_LANG=_.
NLS_LANG各部分含义如下:
LANGUAGE指定:
-Oracle消息使用的语言
-日期中月份和日显示
TERRITORY指定
-货币和数字格式
-地区和计算星期及日期的习惯
CHARACTERSET:
-控制客户端应用程序使用的字符集
通常设置或者等于客户端(如Windows)代码页
或者对于unicode应用设置为UTF8
在Windows上查看当前系统的代码页可以使用chcp命令:
E:\>chcp
活动的代码页: 936
代码页936也就是中文字符集 GBK,在Microsoft的官方站点上,我们可以遭到关于936代码页的具体编码规则,请参考以下链接:
http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/dbcs/936.htm

2. 查看 NLS_LANG 的方法
Windows使用:
echo %NLS_LANG%
如:
E:\>echo %NLS_LANG%
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
Unix使用:
env|grep NLS_LANG
如:
/opt/oracle>env|grep NLS_LANG
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
Windows客户端设置,可以在注册表中更改NLS_LANG,具体键值位于:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMExx\
xx指存在多个ORACLE_HOME时系统编号。

3. 查看数据库当前字符集参数设置
SELECT * FROM v$nls_parameters;

4. 查看数据库可用字符集参数设置
SELECT * FROM v$nls_valid_values;

5. 客户端 NLS_LANG 的设置方法
Windows:
# 常用中文字符集
set NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
# 常用unicode字符集
set NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
可以通过修改注册表键值永久设置
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMExx\NLS_LANG
Unix:
# 常用unicode字符集
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
# 常用中文字符集
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_china".ZHS16GBK
可以编辑 bash_profile 文件进行永久设置
vi .bash_profile
NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_china".ZHS16GBK export NLS_LANG
# 使 bash_profile 设置生效
source .bash_profile
=================================================================================

[Q]怎么样查看数据库字符集  
  [A]数据库服务器字符集select * from nls_database_parameters,其来源于props$,是表示数据库的字符集。
  
  客户端字符集环境select * from nls_instance_parameters,其来源于v$parameter,
  
  表示客户端的字符集的设置,可能是参数文件,环境变量或者是注册表
  
  会话字符集环境 select * from nls_session_parameters,其来源于v$nls_parameters,表示会话自己的设置,可能是会话的环境变量或者是alter session完成,如果会话没有特殊的设置,将与nls_instance_parameters一致。
  
  客户端的字符集要求与服务器一致,才能正确显示数据库的非Ascii字符。如果多个设置存在的时候,alter session>环境变量>注册表>参数文件
  
  字符集要求一致,但是语言设置却可以不同,语言设置建议用英文。如字符集是zhs16gbk,则nls_lang可以是American_America.zhs16gbk。
  
  [Q]怎么样修改字符集
  
  [A]8i以上版本可以通过alter database来修改字符集,但也只限于子集到超集,不建议修改props$表,将可能导致严重错误。
  
  Startup nomount;
  Alter database mount exclusive;
  Alter system enable restricted session;
  Alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
  Alter database open;
  Alter database character set zhs16gbk;

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