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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialLinux下安装Oracle11g服务器

安装环境 Linux服务器:SuSe10 sp2 64位 Oracle服务器:Oracle11gR2 64位 系统要求 Linux安装Oracle系统要求 系统要求 说明 内存 必须高于1G的物理内存 交换空间 一般为内存的2倍,例如:1G的内存可以设置swap 分区为3G大小 硬盘 5G以上 2.修改操作系统核心

安装环境

                     Linux服务器:SuSe10 sp2 64位

                     Oracle服务器:Oracle11gR2 64位

系统要求

  1. Linux安装Oracle系统要求

系统要求

说明

内存

必须高于1G的物理内存

交换空间

一般为内存的2倍,例如:1G的内存可以设置swap 分区为3G大小

硬盘

5G以上

2.修改操作系统核心参数

在Root用户下执行以下步骤:

1)修改用户的SHELL的限制,修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件

输入命令:vi /etc/security/limits.conf,按i键进入编辑模式,将下列内容加入该文件。

oracle   soft    nproc    2047
oracle   hard    nproc    16384
oracle   soft    nofile     1024
oracle   hard    nofile    65536

编辑完成后按Esc键,输入“:wq”存盘退出

2)修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件,输入命令:vi  /etc/pam.d/logini键进入编辑模式,将下列内容加入该文件。

session   required    /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session   required    pam_limits.so

编辑完成后按Esc键,输入“:wq”存盘退出

3)修改linux内核,修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件,输入命令: vi  /etc/sysctl.confi键进入编辑模式,将下列内容加入该文件

fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

编辑完成后按Esc键,输入“:wq”存盘退出

4)要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效,执行以下命令。 输入:sysctl  -p 显示如下:

linux:~ # sysctl -p

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

5)编辑 /etc/profile ,输入命令:vi  /etc/profilei键进入编辑模式,将下列内容加入该文件。

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi

fi

编辑完成后按Esc键,输入“:wq”存盘退出

6)创建相关用户和组,作为软件安装和支持组的拥有者。

创建用户,输入命令:

groupadd  oinstall
groupadd  dba

创建Oracle用户和密码,输入命令:

useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle

passwd  oracle

然后会让你输入密码,密码任意输入2次,但必须保持一致,回车确认

7)创建数据库软件目录和数据文件存放目录,目录的位置,根据自己的情况来定,注意磁盘空间即可,这里我把其放到oracle用户下,例如:

输入命令:

mkdir /home/oracle/app

mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle

mkdir /home/oracle/app/oradata

mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/ product

8)更改目录属主为Oracle用户所有,输入命令:

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/app

9)配置oracle用户的环境变量,首先,切换到新创建的oracle用户下,

输入:su – oracle ,然后直接在输入 : vi .bash_profile

i编辑 .bash_profile,进入编辑模式,增加以下内容:

umask 022

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

编辑完成后按Esc键,输入“:wq”存盘退出

安装过程

1) 当上述系统要求操作全部完成后,注销系统,在图形界面以Oracle用户登陆。首先将下载的Oracle安装包复制到linux中,推荐用Xmanager 或其他ftp工具拷贝。

   打开一个终端,运行unzip命令解压oracle安装文件,如:

输入命令:

unzip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压完成后 cd 进入其解压后的目录database

输入命令:

cd  database

使用ls命令可以查看解压后database所包含的文件,如下图:

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

2) 执行安装,输入命令:./runInstaller

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

装到这一步,可以看到,可以查看到有很多的rpm包没有,我们可以从安装linux的光盘或ISO中查找所缺的包,使用ftp上传到linux中,然后使用rpm  –ivh  xxx.rpm  --nodeps –force 来进行安装(其中加上--nodeps -- force 代表强制安装,是在直接使用rpm –ivh  xxx.rpm安装不成功的情况下用的)安装过程略。

   等到把包全部都安装好的情况下,再次在oracle图形界面中,执行安装过程2,下来在环境检查过程中,就通过了。

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

安装完成后,系统会提示你需要用root权限执行2个shell脚本。按照其提示的路径,找到其所在的位置,如:我的就在/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

和 /home/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh  新开启一个终端,输入命令:

su – root

cd  /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

sh  root.sh

cd /home/oracle/app/oraInventory

sh  orainstRoot.sh

数据库建库

1) 还是在oracle用户的图形界面oracle用户中,新开启一个终端,直接输入命令dbca会弹出如下界面。我们这里采用定制数据库。

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

输入统一密码(也可以分别设置其密码)

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

数据库存放位置,我这里采用默认

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

不指定快速恢复和归档

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

去掉不常用的模块

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

内存分配及指定字符集

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

经过漫长的等待,当看到此界面,说明oracle建库完成

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

可以用sqlplus来检验下,新开启一个命令窗口,输入sqlplus,然后输入用户名和密码,可以测试下,这里就不做过多的介绍了。

配置监听及本地网络服务

1) 在oracle用户的图形界面oracle用户中,新开启一个终端,输入命令netca 会弹出如下界面。

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

2)创建监听服务(充当oracle服务器,让别的oracle客户端连接本oracle服务器)

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

3)配置本地网络服务名(充当oracle客户端,连接别的oracle服务器)

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

输入连接的oracle服务器的数据库的实例名

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

输入oracle服务器的ip地址

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

选中测试

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器            

点击change Login 输入所连接oracle服务器的其中某一个用户名和密码,点击OK

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

看到此界面说明测试成功(如果不成功,请查看网络是否畅通,所连接的oracle服务器是否启动,监听是否启动等原因)

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器        

为你所设置的本地网络服务名起个名字

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

然后下一步,下一步即可

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

Linux下安装Oracle11g服务器

这样oracle服务器安装配置基本就完成了。

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