热备份是在数据库运行的情况下,采用archivelog mode 方式备份数据库的方法,冷备份虽然操作简便,但因为备份需要关闭数据库,如果系统是一个7X24小时的运行的数据库,冷备份是不现实的,热备份的优缺点如 优点:a.可在表空间或数据库文件级备份、备份时间短
热备份是在数据库运行的情况下,采用archivelog mode 方式备份数据库的方法,冷备份虽然操作简便,但因为备份需要关闭数据库,如果系统是一个7X24小时的运行的数据库,冷备份是不现实的,热备份的优缺点如
优点:a.可在表空间或数据库文件级备份、备份时间短
b.可达到秒级恢复(恢复到某一时间点上)
c.可对几乎所有数据库实体做恢复
d.恢复是快速的,在大多数情况下在数据库仍工作时恢复
f.备份的数据库仍可用
缺点:a.难以维护,所以要特别仔细小心,不允许以失败而告终。
b.若备份不成功,所得结果不可用于时间点的恢复
c.不能出错,否则后果严重。
1关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
2
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 293601280 bytes
Fixed Size 1290208 bytes
Variable Size 130023456 bytes
Database Buffers 155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers 7098368 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
3
SQL> alter database archivelog;
数据库已更改。
4
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> archive log list;
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 D:\oracle\arch
最早的联机日志序列 3
下一个存档日志序列 5
当前日志序列 5
5 如果设置成自动归档
alter system set log_archive_start=true scope=spfile;
6联机备份
先启动数据库
alter database open;
将表空间设置为备份模式
alter tablespace users begin backup;
当表空间设置为备份模式后就可以对其中的数据文件进行复制了,使用命令如下
host copy D:\ora11g\*.DBF E:\backup\
复制之后 就不要设置为备份模式了,因此可以返回正常模式
alter tablespace users end backup;
7脱机备份,脱机备份的优点是会产生较少的重做日志文件,但缺点是当用户正在进行脱机备份时所备份的表空间将不能访问,由于system 系统表空间和正在使用
的undo表空间不能脱机,因此脱机备份不适用于system 表空间和正在使用的undo表空间
SQL> alter tablespace users offline;
表空间已更改。
SQL> host copy F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\*dbf F:\backup\
F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\EXAMPLE01.DBF
F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\SYSAUX01.DBF
SQL> alter tablespace users online;
表空间已更改。

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