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关于2

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:49 PM
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在2-sat判定问题中我们经常会遇到这样一种情况,在一组相互矛盾的点Si和Si'中,必须选择Si而不能选择Si'。比如在poj 3678中有“每个数都是0或者是1,但是如果ab==1,则a和b都必须是1才可以满足”,在poj 3648有妻子必须坐在左侧,等等……。 拿poj 3678举例

    在2-sat判定问题中我们经常会遇到这样一种情况,在一组相互矛盾的点Si和Si'中,必须选择Si而不能选择Si'。比如在poj 3678中有“每个数都是0或者是1,但是如果a&&b==1,则a和b都必须是1才可以满足”,在poj 3648有妻子必须坐在左侧,等等……。
    拿poj 3678举例,网上的解决方法大都是这样的:用Si表示第i个变量的值为1,用表Si'示第i个变量的值是0。如果第i个变量必须置为1,则加上一条边(Si'-->Si)。而且描述一般就是“如果选择~x,则x必须选,所以就产生了矛盾”,但是我们知道在2-sat中判定是否存在矛盾的方法是判断每一组Si和Si'是否在一个强联通分量中,这个矛盾又怎样通过求强连通分量来发现呢?也就是说,这种方法虽然对,但是关于为什么要这样的描述非常模糊。
    我们知道2-sat在ACM中的应用主要有两种,一种是通过建图的情况判断是否存在可行的方案,另一种是得出有解后再反向构图,拓扑排序,染色得到一组可行解。
    对于只要判断是否存在可行方案,如果Si和Si'之间互相不可达的话其实加上或者不加这条边其实是没有什么任何影响的,如下图:
如果在1和2之间必须要选择2的话,则连接一条从1指向2的边,该图的不受任何影响。

关于2

    但是之所以要加上这边是为了防止下面这种情况的出现:

关于2该图中包括第一组在内的所有组中的两个点都不属于同一个强连通分量,符合2-sat,但是观察点1和点2后会发现从2出发可以到达1,但是从1出发却无法抵达2点,从逻辑上来说就是如果2发生则1必须会发生(由于1和2是对立事件,也就是说选择2的话会产生矛盾)。但是由于1并不能推出2,所以第一组仍然符合2-sat。这个时候如果规定在第一组中必须选择2。也就是加一条1-->2的边后就会使得1和2处于同一个强连通分量中,被判定无解。


    所以对于求是否存在可行方案的问题,加上这组Si-->Si'的目的就是如果Si'被选择后会产生矛盾的话就使得Si和Si'处于同一个强连通分量中,从而通过2-sat判断无解。

    对于输出一组解的问题,我的想法是如果连一条从1-->2的弧之后。在反向加边后,由于1和2肯定属于不同的联通分量,所以肯定会存在一条从belon[2]-->belon[1]的边存在。从而使得在拓扑排序中belon[2]较belon[1]更优先被染成1,且保证belon[1]肯定被染成-1。

    以上就是我对这个问题的理解,希望大家互相交流学习,本文博客地址:http://blog.csdn.net/ac_operation/article/details/6972358
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