其实删除数据库中数据的方法并不复杂,为什么我还要多此一举呢,一是我这里介绍的是删除数据库的所有数据,因为数据之间可能形成相互约束关系,删除操作可能陷入死循环,二是这里使用了微软未正式公开的sp_MSForEachTable存储过程。 也许很多读者朋友都经历
其实删除数据库中数据的方法并不复杂,为什么我还要多此一举呢,一是我这里介绍的是删除数据库的所有数据,因为数据之间可能形成相互约束关系,删除操作可能陷入死循环,二是这里使用了微软未正式公开的sp_MSForEachTable存储过程。
也许很多读者朋友都经历过这样的事情:要在开发数据库基础上清理一个空库,但由于对数据库结构缺乏整体了解,在删除一个表的记录时,删除不了,因为可能有外键约束,一个常见的数据库结构是一个主表,一个子表,这种情况下一般都得先删除子表记录,再删除主表记录。
说道删除数据记录,往往马上会想到的是delete和truncate语句,但在遇到在两个或多个表之间存在约束的话,这两个语句可能都会失效,而且最要命的是这两个命令都只能一次操作一个表。那么真正遇到要删除SQL Server数据库中所有记录时,该怎么办呢?有两个选择:
1.按照先后顺序逐个删除,这个方法在表非常多的情况下显得很不现实,即便是表数量不多,但约束比较多时,你还是要花费大量的时间和精力去研究其间的约束关系,然后找出先删哪个表,再删哪个表,最后又删哪个表。
2.禁用所有约束,删除所有数据,最后再启用约束,这样就不用花时间和精力去研究什么约束了,只需要编写一个简单的存储过程就可以自动完成这个任务。
从这两个选择中不难看出第二个选择是最简单有效的了,那么在使用第二个选择时,具体该怎么实施呢?
首先得编写代码循环检查所有的表,这里我推荐一个存储过程sp_MSForEachTable,因为在微软的官方文档中没有对这个存储过程有描述,很多开发人员也许都还未曾听说,所以你在互联网上搜索得到的解决办法大多很复杂,也许有的人会认为,既然没有官方文档,这个存储过程可能会不稳定,打心理上会排斥它,但事实并非如此。下面来先看一个完整的脚本:
以下为引用的内容:
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData<br>AS<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?'<br>GO
以下为引用的内容: CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData<br>AS<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'<br>EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?'<br>GO |
这个脚本创建了一个命名为sp_DeleteAllData的存储过程,前面两行语句分别禁用约束和触发器,第三条语句才是真正地删除所有数据,接下里的语句分别还原约束和触发器,最后一条语句是显示每个表中的记录,当然这条语句也可以不要,我只是想确认一下是否清空了所有表而已。
你可以在任何数据库上运行这个存储过程,当然不要在生成数据库上运行,可别怪我没告诉你!不管怎样,还是先备份一下数据库,使用备份数据库还原,然后再运行该存储过程,呵呵,即使是一个大型数据库,也要不多长时间,你的数据库就成一个空库了,有点怕怕的感觉!

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